344 



DYNAMICAL GEOLOGY. 



The principal kinds of ore deposits that have no relation to veins are as follows : — 

 (1) Beds of iron ore called linionite, including niarsh-niade ores (page 128), sometimes 

 containing also manganese oxide, cobalt oxide, and some black copper oxide ; (2) beds 

 consisting of concretionary masses of clay iron-stone, the ore either hematite, limonite, or 

 siderite, — common in coal regions ; (3) beds of hematite and magnetite in metamorphic 

 and other rocks, which often stand vertical and look like veins, whence they are sometimes 

 so called ; (4) auriferous gravel deposits along valleys, made by the degradation of schists 

 that are intersected by veins of auriferous quartz. 



4. Sedivient-filled fissures. — Fissures have sometimes become filled with 

 sand or gravel from the adjoining beds. Near Astoria, Oregon, occur several 

 large sandstone veins of this kind. One of them, half a mile above that 

 place (Fig. 318), is five feet wide, and extends the whole height of the bluff; 

 it has two transverse faults, the upper one eight feet. The filling is granitic 

 sandstone, like that of the inclosing rock. Another, 18 inches wide, is 

 shown in Fig. 319; it is in the same. rock two and one half miles above 



320. 



318. 



319. 



i. -)i 



Figs. 318, 319, sandstone veins, near Astoria, Oregon. D., 1S49. Fig. 320, sandstone veins, south of Shasta 



Peak. Diller, 1890. 



Astoria. Fig. 320 represents similar sandstone veins from the coast region 

 in California, south of Mount Shasta, described by J. S. Diller (1890). Diller 

 infers, from his observation, that the fissures were filled from below by 

 upthrust force during the progress of an earthquake. 



