ARCH^AN TIME. 



443 



Besides the nucleal area of tlie continent, there are other areas lying 

 in ranges or chains that are approximately parallel to the arms of the 

 nucleal V. 



On the Atlantic border, northeastward in general trend. — On the Atlantic 

 border there is the long Appalachian protaxis (page 24), extending interrupt- 

 edly from Canada south of the St. Lawrence, along the higher land of Ver- 



Map of Norih America at the close of Archaean time, showing approximately the areas of dry land. 



mont ; eastern Berkshire in Massachusetts ; Putnam, Orange, and Rockland 

 counties in New York, and Sussex in ISTew Jersey, making the Highland 

 Range, which crosses the Hudson between Fishkill and Peekskill ; consti- 

 tuting some ridges in southeastern Pennsylvania ; thence continuing south- 

 westward along the "Piedmont" belt, and through Virginia and North 

 Carolina, constituting in the latter state the Black Mountains ; thence into 

 South Carolina and Georgia. It is marked A on the map. 



To the northeastward, over New England to Newfoundland, there are 

 other parallel ranges, bounding broad valleys or basins, as follows : (1) To the 

 east of the Connecticut valley, at intervals, from Canada to Connecticut. 



