AKCH^AN TIME. 459 



short, hair-like processes ; and of nutrition, beyond at the best a cavity for 

 digestion. But the principles inaugurated were those fundamental to all 

 life. Some of them are as follows : — 



1. The subordination of chemical and physical forces to the control of 

 living conditions. 



2. Germ-development, by which, from a germ-cell, a structure of various 

 functions becomes evolved, and is carried to an adult or germ-producing 

 stage, when new germs are produced for another cycle of development. 



3. Death of the adult, a fundamental stage in the cycle, — the institution 

 of life involving the introduction of death. 



4. In the case of animal life, dependence on living food for growth — a 

 principle that pervades the animal kingdom from its lowest species to Man. 



5. As a consequence of growth and germ-development in animals, the 

 initiation of tivo diverse moral forces, which later became a power in the 

 world: (a) the affiliating influence, arising out of the relation of parent 

 to progeny ; (b) the antagonistic, self -asserting influence, arising from 

 the necessity of food. Each element had reinforcements from other appe- 

 tites or conditions in animal life. 



