PALEOZOIC TIME — DEVONIAN. 591 



Bellerophon. Turbo Shumardi Vern. is a fine large shell, 3J inches in diameter, 

 from the Falls of the Ohio. It was named after B. F. Shumard of St. Louis. It is well 

 figured by Hall. Among Cephalopods, 30 species of Orthoceras are reported by Hall ; 

 besides these there are 12 of Gomphoceras (4 in the Schoharie grit), as many of Cyrtoceras 

 and Gyroceras (4 Schoharie grit), 9 of Trochoceras, all from the Schoharie grit; 1 Gonia- 

 tites (Fig. 874), G. mithrax H. {Tornoceras mithrax Hyatt, and referred to the Corniferous 

 with some doubt), 2 Discites. Hyatt states that most of the species of Gomphoceras have 

 a triangular aperture instead of lobed like that on page 561, and that they accordingly 

 belong to his genus Acleistoceras. The species of Gastropods, etc., are described and 

 figured in Hall's N. Y. Pal., vol. v. Gyroceras iindulatum H. is a type of Halloceras 

 of Hyatt ; G. Jason H. is Butoceras Hyatt ; Trochoceras pandum H. is Endoceras Hyatt ; 

 T. clio H. is Sphyradoceras Hyatt; T. eugenuim H. is Ncedoceras Hyatt. 



7. Crustaceans. — The most common Trilobites are : Fig. 875, Dalmanites selenurus, 

 having a two-pointed tail ; and Fig. 884, Proetus crassimarginatus H. There are also : 

 Calymene platys, the latest American species of the genus, and one of the largest perfect 

 specimens being 4 inches long, and an imperfect one indicating a length of 8 inches ; over 

 20 species of Dalmanites (one over 16 inches long), besides the Lower Helderberg species 

 D. pleuropteryx ; also, of Homalonotus 1 species, of Phacops 3, Lichas 7, Acidaspis 2 (Fig, 

 879, A. callicera), Proetus over 15, Cyphaspis 4, and the new genus Phcethonides, 3 species. 



The figures of Trilobites on page 587 represent the following sub-genera, as recog- 

 nized by Hall: JJnder Dalmanites : Odontocephalus (D. selenurus 'Eaton); Corycephalus 

 (Z>. regalis H.); Coronura (D. aspectans Con.); Cryphceus (D. Boothi Green). Under 

 Lichas: Hoplolichas ; Ceratolichas. For figure of Palceocreusia, see Hall's JV. T. Pal., 

 vli. pi. 36. 



8. Vertebrates. — For descriptions and figures of the Fishes mentioned and others, 

 see Newberry, in Ohio Pal. Pep., i. and ii., where the figures of the large species 

 are of natural size, and also his 4to Bep. U. S. G. S., 1889 ; also papers by Cope, 

 Claypole, Whiteaves, and others. From the Lower Devonian of Campbelltown, Canada, 

 Whiteaves has described fin-spines of Ctenacanthus latispinosus and Homacanthus gra- 

 cilis. The Cephalaspis Daiosoni is from below the middle of the Gaspe sandstones, 

 from the beds affording Prototaxites Logani and other plants. That the beds are Lower 

 Devonian is doubtful. 



At Owl's Head, on Lake Memphremagog, near the northern borders of Vermont, the 

 coral-reef rock is overlaid by mica schist ; and, although it is partially metamorphic, many 

 of the specimens of fossils are tolerably perfect. Among the species, Billings has recog- 

 nized Syringopora Hisingeri B., Favosites basalticus Goldf., Diphyphyllum stramineum B., 

 and Zaphrentis gigantea Lesueur. Besides these, according to Hitchcock, Atrypa reticu- 

 laris has been identified by Hall. 



Between northern Vermont and Cape Gaspe there are many localities of Devonian 

 fossils. One locality, given by Logan, is on the Chaudiere River, where occur, besides 

 Favosites Gothlandicus and F. basalticus., the species Syringopora Hisingeri, Diphyphyllum 

 arundinaceum B., a small Productus resembling a Corniferous species, a Zapihrentis, 

 Spirifer duodenarius H., 8. gregarius Clapp, S. acuminatus H., a Cyrtina like C. rostrata 

 H., etc. Other localities occur at Dudswell and on Famine River. 



Species of Brachiopods range as follows : From the Oriskany to the Hamilton, 

 Spirifer Jimbriatus Con. (= S. Conradanus S. A. Miller) ; from the base of the Lower Hel- 

 derberg or beyond to the Chemung, Atrypa reticularis and Stropheodonta perplana, but 

 with some slight characteristic features in the successive periods ; from the Oriskany to the 

 Chemung, Stropheodonta demissa ; from the Upper Helderberg to the Chemung, Atrypa 

 aspera ; from the Schoharie grit to the Hamilton or Chemung, Orthis Vanuxemi, Ortho- 

 thetes Chemung ensis ; common in the Upper Helderberg and Hamilton, Spirifer acumi- 

 natus, Meristella nasuta. 



