PALEOZOIC TIME — DEVONIAN. 



611 



Pottsville specimen of Aneimites obtusus Lx. (Fig. 928) was over a foot across. 

 A Tree-fern also, Caulopteris Lockwoodi Dn., has been obtained at Gilboa. Fig. 

 929 represents a Sigillaria from the Chemung of Owego, K.Y., and 930, a 

 Lepidodendron from Elmira, N.Y., the latter with very small leaf-scars. 

 In the specimen of Fig. 929, the upper part shows the scars as they appear 

 on the inner surface of the bark. Specimens of L. Gaspianum, of the Lower 

 Devonian, and some other species, have also been found in the Chemung 

 beds of New York ; and L. corrugatum of Dawson in the Chemung of Ohio, 

 and also at the base of the Carboniferous near Pottsville, Pa., and in Vir- 

 ginia. The Gaspe species accompanying the Pterichthys Canadensis, and indi- 

 cating thereby that the beds are Upper Devonian (Dawson ) , are Archceopiteris 

 Gaspiensis Dn., Aneimites ohtusus Lesq., and Rhacopliyllum Broionii Dn. 



Fig. 931 represents a remarkable plant from beds in Wyoming County, 

 Pa., referred to the lower part of the Catskill series. Dawson regards it as 

 belonging to the Cordaites group, under Gymnosperms. The fruit enlarged 

 is shown at h. 



The black shales of the UpiDer Devonian in New York, Canada, Ohio, and 

 elsewhere, like those of the Lower Devonian, abound in Sporangites (page 

 596). The facts show that the simple plants — the Rliizocarps — were, as 

 Dawson states, very abundant in the waters. Dawson speaks of the spores 

 as "dispersed in countless millions of tons through the Devonian shales of 

 Canada and the United States," and as being the source of their black color 

 and their oil-yielding character. 



An"imals. 1. Spongiozoans. — The network hexactinellid Sponge, Dicty- 

 ophyton tuberosum of Conrad, occurs in the Chemung, where there are also 

 other species of the genus. Uphantcenia Chemungensis of 

 Vanuxem is another peculiar glass Sponge of the Chemung, 

 found near Owego, N.Y., first referred to the Sponges by 

 Whitfield. 



2. Corals and Crinoids. — These are not common in 

 the Portage or Chemung group. Some calcareous beds of 

 the Chemung have afforded Corals of the geiiev?i Zaphrentis 

 and Heliopliyllum (near H. HalU of the Hamilton) ; also 

 remains of Crinoids, showing that these animals Avere 

 absent from the Upper Devonian only because the con- 

 ditions of the New York and the bordering seas were 

 unfavorable ; they were back when the seas were again 

 of suf6.cient purity. 



3. Molluscoids. — Some of the few Genesee and 

 Portage Brachiopods are represented in Figs. 933 to 

 936. In the lettering underneath the cut the letters G. 

 and P. are initials of Genesee and Portage. Besides 

 the genera represented in the figures, Chonetes and Froductella are also 

 prominent. 



Sponge. — Dictyophyion 



tuberosum. 



