PALEOZOIC TIME — DEVONIAN. 



627 



In the Eifel, the three divisions, the Ehenan, Eifelian and Famennian are well 

 developed. The Bhenan contains Dalmanites, Phacops latifrons, Spirifer cultrijugatus, 

 etc. The Eifelian consists below of the Calceola beds, with C. sandalina and Spirifer 

 cultrijugatus, and above, of the Stringocephalus beds. 



The Famennian, ov Upper Devonian, consists of (1, or below) the Cuboides shale with 

 dolomytic beds, containing Bhynchonella cuboides, Spirifer glaber, S. Verneuili, S. Urii, 

 Atrypa reticularis, Athyris concentrica, Productns subaculeatus, Camarophoria formosa ; 

 (2) Goniatite bed, with C-foniatites retrorsiis (Fig. 987), G. primordialis, Orthoceras sub- 

 flexuosum, Bactrites gracilis, Pleurotomaria turbinea, Cardiola retrostriata, Cypridina 

 serrato-striata ; (3) the Cypridina shale, with C. serrato-striata (Fig. 989) and Posido- 

 nomya venusta. 



Similar subdivisions occur in Westphalia and Nassau, the Fichtelgebirge, and other areas 

 of Germany. In the Thuringian Forest and the Fichtelgebirge, the Upper Devonian con- 

 tains in the Clymenia and Orthoceratite limestones, Clymenia Icevigata, C. undulata, 



988-989. 



CErSTACEAifS. — Fig. 9S8, Arg-es armatus of the Eifel ; 989, slate, from Weilburg, containing Cj'pridina serrato- 

 striata, natural size ; 989 a, same enlarged. Vogt. 



Goniatites retrorsus, G. intumescens, Orthoceras interruptum, Gomphoceras, Cyrtoceras, 

 Athyris concentrica, Bhynchonella cuboides, Bronteus grandis, and other species, besides 

 remains of Calamites, Lepidodendron, Stigmaria, Aporoxylon. 



In Russia (the Continental Interior of Europe) the Devonian beds cover a large area, 

 and are nearly horizontal. The western areas include only Middle and Upper Devonian. 

 Below are limestone and red marls; and above, limestone and shales with some sand- 

 stones, having partly the character of the Old Eed sandstone of Scotland, and like that 

 containing, says Murchison, remains of Fishes as almost the only fossils. Pander has 

 described species of Coccosteus, Osteolepis, Dipterus,'&nd Diplopterus from the Middle, and 

 Holoptychius nobilissimus, Pterichthys major, and Asterolepis from the Upper. The 

 Lower, Middle, and Upper Devonian occur in the Urals, through nearly the whole length 

 of the range. 



In South America, Devonian beds occur over the Highlands of eastern Bolivia, — Lower 

 and Middle Devonian (D'Orbigny, M. D. Forbes, Steinmann) ; in the region of Lake 

 Titicaca, Lower Devonian (Agassiz and Garman) ; in Brazil, in the province of Para, 

 north and south of the Amazon, 200 to 400 miles from the coast. Lower, Middle, and 

 Upper Devonian (0. A. Derby, and others) ; in the Falkland Islands (Darwin). In the vicin- 

 ity of the Amazon, on its north rise, Hamilton beds include species of the genera VituUna, 

 TropAdoleptus, Betzia, and others, described by Eathbun, and one variety of Discina 

 Lodensis Hall. Ulrich reports, from eastern Bolivia, species of the genera Leptoccelia, 

 Vitidina, and Tropidoleptus, besides others, and states that the first of these three genera 

 occurs also in the Devonian of the Falkland Islands and of South Africa, and that the second 

 is also South African. (For remarks on the distribution of these and other genera, see 



