646 HISTORICAL GEOLOGY. 



mum St., L. acnleatum St., also Stigmaria ficoides Brngt., Cordaites borassifolius St., 

 Dadoxylon antiquum Dn. 



The metamorphic Carboniferous region of Worcester, Mass. , where the slates are mica 

 schist, have afforded 1. H. Perry specimens of Lepidodendron {Sagenaria) acuminatum 

 Gopp., as identified by Lesquereux {Am. Jour. Sc, xix., 1885). It is doubtful whether 

 the plant is Subcarboniferous or Carboniferous. 



See, further, Pa. Geol. Bep., No. P. ; III. Geol. Bep., vols. ii. and iv. ; Ind. Geol. Bep. 

 for 1883 ; Dawson's Hist. Plants, 1888, etc. 



Animals. — 1. Rhizopods. — Endothyra Baileyi H. occurs in the St. Louis limestone 

 of Indiana. 



2. Spongiozoans. — The homstones of the limestones in Illinois and Indiana abound in 

 microscopic spicules of sponges, with a few Desmid-like forms similar in general to those 

 of the Corniferous limestone (page 583) (M. C. White). Paloiacis {Sphpuopterium) ohtu- 

 sus M. & W., Keokuk limestone, P. cuneiformis M. Edw., St. Louis limestone. In the 

 Keokuk occur many Hexactinellid sponges of the genera -Jlydnoceras, P?iysospo7igia, 

 Phragmodictya. 



3. Actinozoans. — Pig. 991, Lithostrotion Canadense Castelnau, St. Louis 1. ; L. pro- 

 liferum H. , St. Louis group; Zaphrentis spinulosa E. & H. ; Z. minas Dn., West River, 

 Pictou ; Cyathophylhim Billingsi Dn., Nova Scotia. 



4. Echinoderms. — (a) Blastoids : Fig. 999, Pentremites pyriformis Say, Kaskaskia 1. ; 

 1000, P. Godoni Defr., ibid., and 50 other species of this and the related genera Granato- 

 crinus and Troostocrinus. 



(6) Crinoids. — Fig. 992, Scaphiocrinus Ilissouriensis Shum., St. Louis 1. ; 993, Acti- 

 nocrinus proboscidians H., Burlingtonl. ; 994, Dorycrinus unicornis Owen & Shum., ibid. ; 

 995, Woodocrinics elegans H., ibid.; 996, Batocrinus Christyi Shum., arms broken off, 

 ibid. ; 998, proboscis of Batocrinus longirostris H., ibid. ; 997, Platycrinus Saffordi Troost, 

 side-view, Keokuk 1. The most prolific locality of Crinoids, as yet known, is Burlington, 

 Iowa, where over 350 species, representing over 50 genera, were collected by Mr. C. Wachs- 

 muth, besides 6 Echinoids, 4 Asterioids, and 1 Ophiuroid. Many of them are described 

 by Hall in his Iowa report of 1858. The Keokuk beds of Crawf ordsville, Ind. , have yielded 

 50 species. The genera most numerously represented are Actinocrinus, Cyathocrinus, 

 Dichocrinus, Batocrinus, Platycrinus, Poteriocrimis, ScapiMocrinus, and Zeacrinus. 



((■-) Echinoids. — Fig. 1001, Archceocidaris Wortheni H., St. Louis 1. ; 1002, A. Shumar- 

 dana H., St. Louis 1.; 1003, plate of A. Norwoodi H. , Chester 1. ; 1005, Ilelonites mul- 

 tiporus 0. &N., St. Louis 1. ; 1004, Oligoporus nohilis M. &W., Burlington 1. Figs. 1004, 

 1005 are from Worthen's Report on the Geology and Paleontology of Illinois. 



(d) Asterioids and Ophiuroids. — Worthen and S. A. Miller have described (in III. 

 Bep., vii., 1883), from Illinois, Compsaster formosus, Chester limestone; Cholaster pecu- 

 liaris, ibid., and the Ophiuroid Tremataster disparilis, ibid. 



5. Molluscoids. — (a) Bryozoans. — Fig. 1006, Archimedes Wortheni H., being a portion 

 of the spiral axis, with the reticulated expansion of the spiral worn off. Fig. 1007 a, a por- 

 tion of the reticulated expansion, magnified and showing the upper surface. Fig. 1007 h, 

 the under or cell-bearing side of the same. 



(6) Brachiopods. — Kinderhook : Spirifer Cooperensis Swallow ; S. Marionensis, 

 Chonetes ornatus Shum. (Fig. 1015), 1015 a, surface enlarged, Lithographic and Chouteau 

 limestone. Mo. ; 1014, Spirifer biplicatus H. Burlington 1. : 1008, Orthis Michelini 

 L'Eveille (var. Burlingtonensis H.), Spirifer Meeki, S. Logani, Productus Flemingi Sow. 

 Keokuk 1. : Actinoconchus planosulcatus Phill., 111., Chonetes planumbonus M. & W., Iowa, 

 Camarophoria subtrigona M. & W., 111., etc., Spirifer Keokuk H. St. Louis 1. : Productus 

 scitulus M. & W., 1011, Eumetria Verneuilana H., Warsaw, Spiriferina spinosa N. & P., 

 Warsaw, Lower Archimedes, Mo. Chester 1.: 1010, Spirifer increbescens H., Kaskaskia 



