. PALEOZOIC TIME — CARBONIC. 



677 



back were tufts of minute spines, so that it looked much like some cater- 

 pillars. 



7. Arachnids. — Among Arachnids, there were Spiders (Fig. 1095) as well 

 as Scorpions (Fig. 1094). 



1088. 

 1087. 



Fig. 108T, Eurypterus Mansfleldi. C. E. Hall, '77. 



Fig. 1088, Prestwlchia Dana9. Meek and 

 Worthen. 



All the species represented in 

 Figs. 1089-1093 are from the 

 Coal-measures at Mazon Creek, 

 in Morris, 111., where they occur 

 in the centers of concretions, and 

 were the nuclei about which the 

 concretions were formed. Thus 

 entombed, they were safe against 

 removal by infiltrating waters. 

 The locality has afforded 16 

 species of Myriapods and nearly 

 a dozen kinds of Spiders, besides Scorpions. 



8. Insects. — Insects are found at Morris, under the same conditions 

 (besides Ferns and other plants), and in the shales of the Coal-measures 

 elsewhere. The Neuropter-like, or Neuropteroid, species are common (Figs. 

 1096, 1097), and still more so the Orthopteroid, and especially those of 

 Orthopteroids related to the Cockroach, a wing of one of which is shown in 

 Fig. 1098 ; and less abundantly the species related to the modern Phasma 

 and Locust, the Protophasmids (Fig. 1099). Scudder enumerates in a recent 

 paper 133 American species of Coal-measure Cockroaches from the Coal- 

 measures of the Continent, pertaining to 14 different genera, and nearly all 

 are of his own describing. Of these, 56 species are from the Waynesburg 

 coal-bed at Cassville, W.Ya., where the beds are Permian, according to 

 I. C. White ; 12 from Providence, R.I. ; 22 from the Lower Barren Coal- 



