PALEOZOIC TIME — CAKBONIC. 



679 



been found at two localities. All of the great marshes of the Continent 

 appear to have been infested by Cockroaches. Probably the Neuropteroids 

 were equally numerous, although less common as fossils. The Insect fauna 



1096. 



1096-1099. 



1098. 



1097. 



1099. 



Netteopteboid Insects. — Fig. 1096, Miamia Bronsoni ; 1097, Gerarus Danee. OrthOptbkoids. — Fig. 1098, 

 Etoblattlna venusta, anterior wing; 1099, Paolia vetusta (xf). Fig. 1096, D.; 1097, Scudder, '68; 1098, 

 Lesquereux ; 1099, S. I. Smith. 



was also remarkable for the large size of many species. A Protophasmid 

 of the genus Haplophlebium of Scudder, from Cape Breton, related to the 

 Locust, had an expanse of wing of seven inches. In a Neuropteroid of the 

 genus Megathentomum, from Illinois, the breadth of a wing was two inches, 

 and the length over three. No Beetles (Coleopters) had been found in the 

 American Coal-measures up to 1894. The absence of Butterflies and all 

 Lepidopters, and of Hymenopters and Dipters, is considered certain. 



9. Vertebrates. — Fishes. The class of Fishes in the Carboniferous included 

 only Selachians and Ganoids ; and the Ganoids had still the ancient feature of 

 vertebrated tails. Two of these Ganoids, one of them, a CoelacantJms, having 

 the vertebral column extending along the middle of the tail, the other, a 

 Eurylepis, are illustrated in Figs. 1100, 1101 ; they are from a black, very 

 carbonaceous shale, at Linton, Ohio, which abounds in Fishes, and has 



