PALEOZOIC TIME — CARBONIC. 689 



4. Feras. — Fig. 1042, scar of the Tree-fern, Stemmatopteris punctata Lx., Gate vein. 

 Pa. ; 1043, same of Megaphyton McLayi Lx., 111. ; 1044, scar of Cyathea compta, a species 

 now growing in the islands of the Pacific; 1045, Odontopteris Schlotheimi Brgt., Pa., Ohio, 

 HI., Europe ; 1046, Alethopteris lonchitica Brgt., most common in the Lower Coal-measures, 

 Pa., etc. ; 1047, Sphenopteris {Hymenophyllites) Hildrethi L,x., Kanawha Salines; 1047 a, 

 same, enlarged ; 1048, S. Gravenfiorstii Brgt., R. I., Mo. ; 1048 a, same, enlarged ; 1049, a, 

 Neuropteris Loschii Brgt., and 1050, ISfeuropteris Mrsuta Lx. , from figures by Lesquereux, 

 common in the Upper Coal-measures, in Ohio and Kentucky, and the former particularly 

 abundant in the Pomeroy bed ; 1051, Pecopteris arborescens Brgt., Pa., Ohio ; P. cyathea 

 Brgt. and P. unita Brgt., common ; 1052, Neuropteris tenuifolia Lx., Shamokin, Pa. In 

 Arctic America, on Melville Island, impressions of a Sphenopteris have been observed in 

 •connection with the coal. 



5. Calamitids. — Fig. 1056, Calamites cannceformis Schloth., Potts ville conglomerate 

 and Lower Coal-measures ; 1054, Asterophyllites suhlcBvis Lx. ; 1053, A. equisetiformis Lx., 

 Pa., E. I. ; 1055, Sphenophyllum Schlotheimi Brgt., through all the Coal-measures. 



6. Gjnnnosperms. — Cordaites borassifolius Ung. , a common Coal-measure species ; 

 Fig. 1057, Cordaites costatiis, Lx.,Cannelton, Pa. ; 1057 a, fruit of same ; 1062, Cordaicar- 

 jpus Gutbieri d'Eury, Cannelton ; 1063, Cardiocarpus elongatus Newb., Ohio ; 1065, C. 



bisectus Dn., Nova Scotia; 1064, C. samarceformis Newb., Ohio; 1058 a, 6, c, Trigono- 

 carpus tricuspidatus Newb., Ohio, representing the rind, the nut, and the kernel; 1059, 

 nut of another Ohio species, figured by Newberry, but not described ; 1060, a, T. ornatus 

 Newb., Ohio ; 1061, Cardiocarpus bicuspidatus Newb., Ohio. Figs. 1066 and 1067 are 

 made the type of the genus of Conifers, Botryoconus of Grand'Eury, being immature 

 fruits. The specimens, and that of the fruit, Fig. 1068, are from the Lower Coal-measures 

 of Youngstown, Ohio. 



The Ehode Island coal region, according to Lesquereux, belongs to the Upper 

 Productive Measures. See Am. Jour. Sc, xxxvii., 229, 1889. 



For lists of species of plants characteristic of the several subdivisions of the Carbo- 

 niferous period, and their geographical distribution in America, see Lesquereux's Penn- 

 sylvania Report, No. P, page 855 and beyond, and also page 636. According to Lesquereux 

 the following species commence in the Pottsville conglomerate, or the beds next above, 

 and continue through the Coal-measures : — 



The names of species not in the Conglomerate have a dash before them ; those 

 which have a dagger after them continue into the Permian ; and those starred are also 

 Eirropean. 



Calamites Suckovi t*, C. ramosus *, C. cannceformis *, C. approximatus *, C. Cistii * ; 

 Asterophyllites equisetiformis*., A. foliosus*, Annularia longifoliat*, — A. sphenophyl- 

 loides\*, Sphenophyllum Schlotheimi*, S. longifolium t , — S. emarginatum*, Neurojjteris 

 Mrsuta f*, N. fimbriata '\ , JSf. inflata, — iV. angustifolia*, JV. Loschii*, N. tenuifolia*, iV. 

 capitata, N. Germari*, — N. cor data "i*, Odontopteris Schlotheimi*, 0. sphenopteroides ; 

 Alethopteris Serlii*, A. lonchitica* ; Pseudopecopteris nervosa, P. muricata*, P. anceps, 

 P. irregularis*, P. nummularia *, P. decipiens, P. latifolia* ; Pecopteris acuta*, P. serrulata, 

 — P. arborescens'i* , — P.notatal;, P.pte7'oidesi*, P. erosa* ; Sphenopteris (Hymenophyllites) 

 spinosa*, S.furcata*, S. tridactylites * ; Bhacop)hyllum lactuca^*, B. filiciforme* ; — Lepi- 

 dodendron Sternbergii * , L. aculeatum, L. Veltheimanum*, L. vestitum, L. clypeatum, 

 L. dichotomum*, L. obovatum*, L. modulatum, L.rimosum* ; TJlodendron majus*, — 11. 

 punctatum ; Knorria imbricata*; Lepidophloios laricinus* ; Sigillaria monostigma, 8. 

 Brardii t*, — S. Menardi*, S. tesselata*, S- mammillaris t, S. Lescurii, — Cordaites diversi- 

 folius, C. borassifolius.* 



The genera especially characterizing the Lower Coal-measures are: Megalopteris, 

 Tceniopteris, JSferiopteris, Hymenophyllites section of Sphenopteris, Eremopteris, Knorria, 

 Lepidophloios, Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, Cordaites, Whittleseya. 



DANA'S MANUAL — 44 



