700 



HISTORICAL GEOLOGY. 



Animals. — Rliizopods are of many kiucls. FusuUna cylindrica (Fig. 

 1069) occurs in the beds from the Subcarboniferous to the Permian in 

 Europe and Asia ; and F. Japonica is a species from Japan described by 

 Giimbel. The Subcarboniferous limestone in northern England contains 

 abundantly the arenaceous form, Saccammina Carteri Brady, occurring as 

 groups of single isolated spheroids, or occasionally of strings of them, averag- 



1127-1132. 



1129. 



1128. 



1127. 



Beachiopods. — Fig. 1127, Orthothetes (Streptorhynchus) crenistria; 1128, Athyris lamellosa; 1129, Tere- 

 bratula (Dielasma) hastata ; 1130, Productus longispinus ; 1131, Spirifer glaber ; 1132, Nautilus (Trema- 

 todiscus) Konincki. Figs. 1127-1130, de Koninck ; 1131, Davidson ; 1132, D'Orbigny. 



1133. 



ing one eighth of an inch, though rarely one fifth of an inch, and making the 

 rock to look as if oolitic. It is very abundant in the " four-fathom " lime- 

 stone of the English Subcarboniferous. 



The Subcarboniferous limestone, like the American, is noted 

 for its Crinoids ; its many Brachiopods of the genera Productus, 

 Chonetes, and Rhynchonella ; its Corals of the genus Lithostrotion, 

 Cyathophyllum, Zaphrentis, of whiiih only the first is found in the 

 Coal-measures ; its many Gastropods of the genera Loxonema, 

 Pleurotomaria, Euomphalus, MurcMsonia, Bellerophoji, Macro- 

 cheilus, etc. ; its many Goniatites, Nautili, Orthocerata, and 

 Discites; the limited variety of Trilobites; for Ganoids, Sela- 

 Phiiiipsia semi- chlaus, and Amphibians among Vertebrates. 



Some of the common Subcarboniferous Brachiopods are rep- 

 resented in Figs. 1127 to 1132. 

 Trilobites occur only of the three Carboniferous genera, Phillipsia, 

 Griffithides, and Brachymetopus. A species of Phillipsia is represented in 

 Pig. 1133, P. seminifera Morr. 



nifera. De 

 Koninck. 



