MESOZOIC TIME — TRIASSIC AND JURASSIC. 741 



Ya., 35 miles long; the Pittsylvania area, farther west in Virginia, 100 

 miles long, and 40 of the 100 in North Carolina, where it is called the Dan 

 River area ; the Deep River, in North Carolina, east of the Dan River, 145 

 miles long, the last 30 of them separated by five or six miles from the rest, 

 and distinguished as the Wadeshoro area. 



Leaving out of consideration the Nova Scotia belt, the areas may be 

 viewed as lying in two ranges, an eastern and a western, — the Eastern 

 including the Connecticut valley, Richmond, and Deep River areas ; the 

 Western, the Palisade, and the Pittsylvania (and Dan River) areas, with the 

 small intervening Buckingham area. 



The following is a list of the areas : — 



(1) The Acadian area, along the west margin of Nova Scotia (or the northeast border 

 of the Bay of Fundy), having a course nearly northeast to the south, but with much east- 

 ing to the north ; and bending to east and west along the Minas Basin (its north side). 



(2) The Connecticut valley belt, from northern Massachusetts to New Haven Bay, 

 this bay being the southern termination of the valley. 



(3) The Southbury belt, 15 miles west of the Connecticut valley in Connecticut, only 

 8 miles long and 2J wide. 



(4) The Palisade area, commencing near Haverstraw on the Hudson, 30 miles wide 

 in New Jersey, 12 on the Susquehanna, and 6 to 8 on the Potomac ; and including a small 

 area in Orange, Va., which was probably separated by erosion. 



(5) The Buckingham area, farther south, on James River, 18 miles long and 2 wide. 



(6) The Bichmond area. 



(7) A small Hanover area, a few miles north of the Richmond, but probably a foi-mer 

 part of the Richmond. 



(8) The Cumberland area, 30 miles west of the Richmond and mainly in Cumberland 

 County, 22 miles long. 



(9) The Pittsylvania area, including the Dan River of North Carolina. 



(10) The Deep Biver area of North Carolina, commencing at Oxford in Granville 

 County, passing west of Raleigh, and having a width of 18 miles. 



A Triassic area has been supposed to exist on Prince Edward Island, in the Bay of 

 St. Lawrence, and is so described by Dawson in his Acadian Geology. According to 

 R. W. Ells, the beds are part of the Permian of the island, with which they are conforma- 

 ble (1883-84). Bain has since claimed as Triassic the upper 50 feet, horizontal in position, 

 occurring on the north shores of the island, near New London (1885) ; and Dawson 

 states in an appendix to his work (dated 1891), that the strongest evidence of Triassic 

 age for this part of the sandstone is the presence in it of Bathygnathus borealis of Leidy. 

 Marsh, in a private note to the author, confirms this view of Dawson, stating that 

 Bathygnathus, a carnivorous Dinosaur, is very much like the Triassic forms of England, 

 Germany, Asia, and Africa. 



3. Rocks. — The rocks are mostly : granitic sandstones (a much better name 

 for them than the meaningless term arkose) ; conglomerates, varying from 

 fine pebble beds to those consisting chiefly of cobble stones and larger rounded 

 masses; sandy shales ; less commonly fine black carbonaceous shales; occa- 

 sionally thin beds of impure limestone ; and, in some localities, bituminous 

 coal in thick beds along with carbonaceous shales. 



In general, the formation is well stratified ; but the strata, when followed 

 laterally, vary much in thickness and coarseness. ; In some places borings 



