MESOZOIC TIME— TRIASSIC AND JURASSIC. 755 



Characteristic Species. 



Plants of the Eastern Border Triassic. — For figures and descriptions of 

 Virginia and North Carolina plants, see Fontaine's Report, containing 53 plates, which 

 contains also the figures in Emmons's N. Car. Rep. of 1853, and in his American Geology ; 

 also, for those of other localities, Newberry, JJ. 8. G. S., 4to, 1888. The plants are 

 referred to the Upper Triassic by Fontaine, Newberry, and L. F. Ward. D. Stur, of 

 Vienna, after a study of the figures and specimens, concludes ( Verh. G. Reichsanst., 1888, 

 and Am. Jour. 8c. , xxxvii., 1889) that over a dozen of the Virginia species are identical 

 with Austrian plants from the Lettenkohle or Lower Keuper of Lunz and other European 

 localities. Fontaine states that the plants collected in Virginia are mostly from the 

 Richmond Coal-measures, and therefore from the lower part of the Triassic formation, 

 while those of North Carolina are from a higher horizon ; and that a number of species 

 from the latter region are related to the Rhsetic of Europe, and 2 are probably identical 

 with species of the Lias. According to Newberry only 6 to 8 of the few species of New 

 Jersey and the Connecticut River valley are identical with those of Virginia. The black 

 shale of Durham, Conn., has afforded 5 of these species. He also states that several 

 North Carolina species are found at Abiquiu in New Mexico, and Los Bronces in Sonora, 

 Mexico, rendering it probable that the beds are alike Upper Triassic. 



Dawson has described Dadoxylon Edwardianum and Cycadeoidea Abequidensis, iiova 

 Prince Edward Island. 



Animals. — Footprints appear to have been first critically observed in the Connecticut 

 valley by J. Deane of Greenfield, Mass., in 1835, and made known by him to E. Hitchcock. 

 The latter in 1836 began his extended collection and study of the footprints, and 

 his publications thereon; first in 1836, of 7 species (Ayn. Jour. Sc), and later in his 

 Rep. Geol. Mass., 1841, and his Reports on Ichnology in 4to, of 1848 and 1858 and 

 1865. He first made all 3-toed tracks ornithic ; but later proved this erroneous by 

 finding impressions of the fore feet. In 1837, discoveries were made in Connecticut by 

 William A. Redfield, and later others in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Deane pub- 

 lished papers in 1844, 1845, and later ; and a posthumous volume on Ichnographs, from his 

 notes, by T. T. Bouve, appeared, in 4to, in 1861. See also publications of Boston Soc. N. 

 Hist, for many papers by different authors. 



For descriptions of the Reptiles see Hitchcock, loc. cit. ; Emmons, loc. cit. ; Wyman, 

 Am. Jour. Sc, 1855; Leidy's papers in the publications of Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1854 



1186. 



Fig. 1186, Myrmecobius fasciatus (x I). 



find its nearest living analogue in Myrmecobius, for each ramus of the lower jaw contained ten 

 molars (premolars included) in a continuous series, one canine and three conical incisors, — the 

 latter being divided by short intervals." 



