MESOZOIC TIME TRIASSIC AND JURASSIC. 773 



"beds of India, as well as Great Britain ; and Rliyncliosaurus, from the Upper 

 Trias of England, both having the jaws beaked at the extremity, but supplied 

 with short palatal teeth. Telerpeton Elginense (Fig. 1266), from the Elgin 

 sandstones of Scotland (at first supposed to be Devonian in age), is referred 

 to the Ehynchocephs. The Anomodonts include Dicynodon of Owen, and 

 other genera from the Karoo beds of South Africa, and from India; also 

 horned Reptiles from Elgin, one of which, the Elginia mirabilis, had, besides 

 a pair of long horns in the position of those in cattle, other smaller horn-like 

 projections over the front and sides of the cranium. The Elgin fauna was 

 closely like that of the African Karoo beds, and the Indian Panchet and 

 Maleri beds. 



Crocodilians of the genus Stagonolepis occur in the Upper Trias of Eng- 

 land and Scotland, and a Belodont in the Rhsetic beds of Germany. The 

 carnivorous Dinosaurians included Thecodontosaurics and Palceosaurus of the 

 Keuper. 



The earliest Sea-Saurians are from the Middle Trias, and are of Plesio- 

 saurian type. The paddles have the limb bone distinct and the normal 

 number of fingers ; the teeth are in sockets ; the vertebrae feebly biconcave ; 

 the neck very long; the orbits very large, without a sclerotic 

 ring. The Triassic genera Simosaums, Nothosaurus, and others, '^^Q'J- 



are characterized by very large orbital openings. Both of the 

 genera Plesiosaurus and Ichthyosaurus have Ehsetic species. 



Turtles are represented in the Keuper by the Proganochelys 

 Quenstedtii of Baur. The tracks. Fig. 1265, are supposed to be 

 those of a Turtle, as the rights and lefts, in the series observed, i267 a. 

 are far apart. ,g!^?wr\ 



6. Mammals. — The earliest remains of Mammals are found in 

 the Ehaetic beds ; one species at Wiirtemberg (Figs. 1267, 1267 a), antiqims * 

 Microlestes antiqims Plieninger, and another, M. Moorei Owen, 

 from Somerset, England. The teeth resemble those of Dromathei'ium. The 

 species were Marsupial. Tritylodon is a related genus from the Triassic of 

 South Africa. 



Characteristic Species. 



1. Vosgian, or Lower Trias (in the Alps, the Werfenian), — In Germany, tlie upper 

 part contains, with sandstone, some limestone or dolomyte and gypsum, with Mijoplioria 

 costata, M. vulgaris, Naticella costata, Estheria minuta, Voltzia heterophylla, Equisetum 

 arenaceum, Chirotlierium (tracks), Placodus, Nothosaurus, Trematosaurus. Other 

 Lower Triassic species are Geratites Middendorfi, Triolites Cassianus, Kenodiscus Schmidti, 

 and Dinarites Liccanus. 



In the Alps and Mediterranean province : the WerfeJi shales ; stage of Tirolanus 

 Cassianus and Naticella costata. 



2. Franconian, or Middle Trias. — In Germany: (a) The Wellen Kalk in Franconia 

 (Wiirzburg, etc.) and elsewhere, with Beneckia Buchii {Nautilus bidorsatus), Spirifer 



fragilis, G-ervillia costata, G. socialis, Myophoria orbicularis; (b) limestones, partly 



