774 HISTORICAL GEOLOGY. 



oolytic, with Ceratites nodosus, Encrinus liliiformis, Myophoria vulgaris, Monotis Alberti, 

 Lima striata, Pecten discites, Spirifer fragilis. 



In the Alps, the Virgloria or Gutenstein limestone (the Virglorian) : (a) stage of 

 Trachyceras balatoniczim and T. hinodosum; (6) stage of Trachyceras trinodosum. In 

 Lombardy the same stages : Varenna marble, Salvator dolomyte, Besano dolomyte. Other 

 Middle Triassic species are Ptychites gihhosus, Gymnites incultus, Foosdiceras bidorsatinn, 

 Atractites secundus. 



3. Upper Trias. — (1) Keuperian. In Germany : (a) Lettenkohle group with the 

 Grenzdolomit ; Anoplophora lettica, Myophoria Goldfussi, Estheria minuta, Ceratodits, 

 Equiseta, Calamites, Voltzia ; (6) Keupermergel, with Anoplophora Munsteri, Estheria, 

 Mastodonsaurus Jcegeri, Equiseta, Plerophyllum Jageri, Calamites arenaceus, Dana^opsis. 



In the Alps: (a) Wengen shales overlaid by (6) the St. Cassian beds and (c) the 

 Hallstadt limestone of the Salzburg region ; {d) Wetterstein limestone and (e) Schlern 

 dolomyte ; with the stages (a) Arcestes giganto-galeatus and Pinacoceras Metternichi 

 (overlying beds of the Middle Trias containing Choristoceras Haueri) ; {b) Pinacoceras 

 parma, and Didymites globus; (c) Arcestes ruber; (d) Didymites tectus ; (e) Tropites 

 suhbullatus. In Lombardy : the zones of (a) Trachyceras Beitzi and T. Curionii; (6) T. 

 Archelaus and Daonella Lommeli. 



(2) Bhcetic beds. — In England : Avicula contorta, Pecten Valoniensis (these two species 

 characteristic and abundant), Pleurophorus elongatus, Pullastra arenicola, Monotis 

 decussata, Modiola minima, Ostrea liassica ; Spirifer 3Iunsteri, Estheria minuta; 

 Acrodus minimus, Hybodus i)licatilis, Saurichthys apicalis, Gyrolepis tenuistriata, 

 vertebrae of Tchthyosaurs and Plesiosaurs, tracks of Chirotherium ; Microlestes in 

 Bone-bed. Many of the species occur also in the Lias. 



In the Alps : (a) Baibl shales ; (b) Hauptdolomit (Bachstein limestone); (c) K'dssen 

 beds : stages (a) Trachyceras aonoides. Cardites crenatus, Gervillia bipartita ; (b) Turbo 

 solitarius, Avicula exilis, Megalodon triqueter; (c) Avicula contorta. 



The " White Lias " of England, at the top of the Khsetic, also called the Infra-Lias, is 

 the Hettangian of Renevier. 



The Triassic rocks of Spitzbergen, partly bituminous shales, have afforded species of 

 Nautilus, Ammonites, Ceratites, Halobia, etc., closely like, if not identical with, species 

 of the St. Cassian beds (Laube). 



2. JUEASSIC. 



The belt of Trias in England (see map, page 694) is succeeded on the 

 eastward by approximately parallel and interlocking belts of Lias and 

 Oolyte, and then follows the Cretaceous. This position of the Jurassic areas 

 between the Triassic and Cretaceous is common over Eurojje. In France and 

 Germany, south of the broad coast region of Tertiary and Cretaceous, comes 

 first the Jurassic next to the Cretaceous, and then the Triassic. The British 

 Jurassic belt, which reaches the Channel at Lyme-Eegis, reappears in France, 

 and is continued along by the inner side of the Cretaceous, about the so-called 

 Paris Basin, and also in Hanover, in northwestern Germany. Further, 

 Jurassic areas border the inner side of the Triassic. From west-central 

 France they extend southeast to the Mediterranean, and from east-central 

 southeast to the Juras ; and a long Jura-mountain belt, of northeastward 

 course, reaches far into northern Bavaria and Germany. Jurassic rocks occur 

 also along both sides of the Alps, and extend on through the Austrian Alps ; 

 and after an interruption about Vienna, appear again in the Carpathians. 



