776 



HISTOEICAL GEOLOGY. 



The "Black Jura" of Germany corresponds to the Lias; the "Brown Jura" or 

 "Dogger" to the Lower Oolyte and Calloviaa. ; and the Upper or White Jura, or Malm, 

 to the rest of the Middle and the Upper OiJlytes, from the Callovian to the Portland beds 

 inclusive. To the Kimmeridgian group belongs the fine-grained lithographic limestone of 

 Solenhofen at Papenheim, in Bavaria, near Munich, about 80' thick, noted for its wonder- 

 fully perfect preservation of fossil Crustaceans, Squids, Insects, impressions of birds' 

 feathers and of wings of Pterodactyls. 



In Peninsular India, in the district of Cutch, the beds referred to the Jurassic have a 

 thickness of 6000', the lower chiefly marine, and the upper as prominently fresh-water. 

 Outside of the peninsula the Jurassic occurs in the Salt Range and northwest Himalaya, 

 with characteristic fossils. 



In Australia, Jurassic rocks with many fossils have been observed in Western Australia, 

 of the periods of the Middle and Upper Lias and Lower Oolyte; and in Queensland, of the 

 Upper Oolyte (C. Moore, Q. J. G. Soc, 1870). 



Aucella-bearing beds have been observed, as C. A. White states in Becker's Eeport 

 (see page 835), near Moscow, in Petschora-land, near the Caspian, in northern Siberia, in 

 Nova Zembla, Spitzbergen, in the Kuhn Islands near the east coast of Greenland, in 

 southern India, in New Zealand, and in Brazil ; and they have been referred by most 

 authors to the Jurassic ; but Professor Eichwald makes them Neocomian, and Zittel 

 refers those of New Zealand to the Jura or Lower Cretaceous. 



LIFE OF THE FOREIGN JURASSIC. 



The Lias and Oolyte of Britain and Europe afforded the first full display 

 of the marine fauna of the world since the era of the Subcarboniferous. 

 Very partial exhibits were made by the few marine beds among the Coal- 

 measures ; still less by the beds of the Permian, and far less by the Triassic. 

 The seas had not been depopulated. The occurrence of over 4000 

 invertebrate species in Britain in the single Jurassic period is evidence, 

 not of deficient life for the eras preceding, but of extremely deficient records. 

 Further, this meagerness in American records continued until the Cretaceous 

 period. Moreover, in order to put together rightly the American and Euro- 

 pean records, it is necessary to note that the events of the epochs of the Lias 

 and Lower Oolyte, with their vertebrate life, have their place, according to 



present knowledge, be- 

 fore those of the Ameri- 

 can Atlantosaurus beds; 

 that is, between those 

 of the Middle Oolyte 

 and of the Triassic. 



Plants. — The land 

 plants of the Juras- 

 sic period were mainly 

 Cycads, Conifers, Ferns, 



Fig-. 1268, Section from near Lullworth Cove, shomng stumps of trees and EquisetCt, aS in the 



Leaves and 

 stems occur in many 

 strata, and especially in the Lower Oolyte in the Yorkshire beds and in the 



1268. 



1269. 



in the Portland "dirt-bed" ; 1269, stump of the Cycad, Mantellia mega- rp • „„-p 

 lophyUa (X Jj). Buckland. -LriaSSlC. 



