MESOZOIC TIME — CRETACEOUS. 865 



A. (Hoplites) N'oricus, Ancyloceras gigas, Diceras Lonsdalei, Exogyra sinuata, Gervillia 

 unceps, Pinna Mulleti. 



The clays of Speeton cliffs of the Neocomiau have afforded marine fossils ; the Lower, 

 the 3 zones of Ammonites {Olcustephanus) Astierianus (lowest), with Toxaster complana- 

 tus, Olcostephanus Speeionensis, Hoplites N'oricus; and the Middle, Pecten cinctus, Exo- 

 gyra sinuata, Belemnites jaculum, etc. 



B. France. — The term Neocomian, as first used (by D'Orbigny) was restricted to 

 beds of the age of the Wealden ; his Urgonian (named from Orgon, Bouches-du-Khone), 

 as used by Lapparent corresponds to the lower part of the Lower Greensand (Atherton 

 clay) ; Aptian, to the rest of the Lower Greensand, except the upper part (Folkestone 

 beds) ; and Alhian,to the latter with the Gault. Lapparent includes all to the top of the 

 Gault in his " Infra-Crfitace." 



The Neocomian is divided into (1) the Valengiman (so named from the Chateau de 

 Yalengin, near Neufchatel), and (2) the Hauterivian (so named from Hauterive). The 

 Valenginian contains Toxaster Campiclieii, Strombus Sautieri, Pygurus rostratus, Nerinea 

 Favrei, iV. Meriani ; Q,nd. th.% Hantenvian, Dysaster ovulum, Toxaster complanatus, OitreM 

 Couioni, O. macroptera, Pinna AJuUeti, Trigonia carinata, Ammonites (^Hoplites) radi- 

 atus, A. (Engonoceras) Gervillianus, A. (Olcostephanus) Astierianus. 



The Urgonian contains Heteraster ohlongus, Sequienia ammonia, B. Lonsdalei, 

 Badiolites JYeocomiensis. The upper part of the Urgonian, containing Heteraster oblongus 

 and Bequienia oblonga, is the Bhodanian of Renevier. In southern France, toward the 

 Pyrenees, the Urgonian contains Bequienia Lonsdalei with Orbitulina conoidea, 0. dis- 

 coidea, Nerinea gigantea, Heteraster oblongus. 



The Aptian (from Apt, in Vaucluse) contains, at the Perte-du-Rhone, Epiaster poly- 

 gonus, Plicatula placunea, Ostrea aquila, Trigonia caudata. 



In Germany, the Lower Cretaceous to the base of the Gault is the Hils formation or 

 Neocomian. In northwestern Germany, in Hanover, on the borders of Holland, the Hastings 

 sand is represented by the Deistersandstein, containing some coal, remains of Reptiles 

 including the Iguanodon, and many plants ; and above this is the Weald clay (Walder- 

 thon) 70'-100'. The marine beds in north Germany contain Toxaster complanatus, 

 Ammonites {Olcostephanus) Astierianus, Hoplites radiatus, Hoplites Noricus, Exogyra 

 Couloni. Next is the Gault, the lower part of which is made the equivalent of the Lower 

 Greensand of England, or the Aptian, with Ammonites Martini, A. Deshayesi, Exogyra 

 Couloni, and the rest the English Gault, with Ammonites {Schlonbachia) inflatus, A. 

 (Hoplites) auritus, A. (Hoplites) lautus, A. (Hoplites) interruptus. 



2. UppePv Cretaceous. 



1. Albian or Gault. — In England contains Ammonites (Hoplites) auritus, A. (Schlon- 

 bachia) varicosus, A. (Schlonbachia) cristatus, A. (Acanthoceras) mammillaris, Liocera- 

 mus sulcatus, Pterocera bicarinata, Hamites attenuatus (Fig. Ii60) , Toxoceras bitubercu- 

 latum (Fig. 1461), Turrilites catenatus. Includes 3 zones according to Barrois, those of 

 (\) Schlonbachia inflata ; (2) Hoplites interruptus; (3) Acanthoceras mammillare. In 

 France, near Montierender, there are the J.m7nonjYes .• (1) Schlonbachia inflata ; (2) Hop- 

 lites splendens. Hoplites auritus, Acanthoceras mammiUare, Hoplites Deluci, Acanthoceras 

 Lyelli; (3) Turrilites catenatus. The Gault is the Flammenmergel of Germany with 

 Schlonbachia inflata, Hoplites lautus, Hoplites auritus, Aucella gryphceoides. 



2. Cenomanian. — In England consists of (1) the Upper Greensand, (2) Chloritic or 

 Glauconitic Marl, (3) Chalk Marl, (4) Gray Chalk. The Upper Greensand contains below, 

 Exogyra conica, Pecten quadricostatus, Inoceramus concentricus, Cardium HiUanum, 

 Trigonia scabricula, Hamites alternatus, and above, Holaster noditlosus, Pecten asper, 

 Terebratula biplicata, Bhynchonella compressa. The Chloritic Marl contains Terebratula 



Dana's manual — 55 



