MESOZOIC TIME — CRETACEOUS. 8(57 



Europe ; southwest Asia. Exogyra laevigata Sow. , Europe ; Colombia, South America. 

 Exogijra Boussingaultii D'Urb., Europe ; Colombia, South America. Inoceramus Crispii 

 Mant., North America; Europe. Inoceramus latus Maut., North America; Europe. 

 Inoceramus mytiloides Mant., 'North AmeTicsi ; Europe. Neithea Mortoni, North Amer- 

 ica ; Europe; India; Peru, South America. Pecten circularis Goldf., North America; 

 Europe; India; Peru; South America. Trigonia limbata D'Orb., North America; 

 Europe; India. Trigonia aliformis Sow., North America; Europe; southwest Asia; 

 Colombia, South America. Trigonia longa Ag., Europe ; Colombia, South America. 

 Hippurites organisans, Europe ; southwest Asia ; Peru and Chile, South America, 

 Nerinea bisulcata D'Arch., North America (Texas) ; Europe. Baculites anceps. North 

 America ; Europe ; Chile, South America. Ammonites vespertinus Mort., North Amer- 

 ica ; Europe. 



In South America, in the Argentine Cordillera, Behrendien found the following 

 European Cretaceous species: Haplites dispar D'Orb., H. Desori Pictet, Lithodomus 

 prcelongus D'Orb., Corbula JSfeocomiensis D'Orb., Mytilus simplex and M. Carteroni 

 D'Orb., Exogyra suhplicata Rcem., Astarte obovata, and others (1892). Two Cretaceous 

 fossils from St. Paul's and St. Peter's, islands in the straits of Magellan, have been described 

 by C. A. White (ProcU. S. Nat. Mus., xiii., 1-3, 1890), namely a large Hamites, probably 

 H. elatior of Forbes, a species collected by Darwin, and a large Lucina. 



In La Plata, in South America, the Cretaceous (probably Lower Cretaceous) has 

 afforded, according to Lydekker (1893), Dinosaurs, of new genera, two of the Sauropod 

 type, Titanosaurus and Argyrosaurus, and one Microccelus, of undetermined relations. 



The Cretaceous of Brazil along the coast region between 3° and 13° S. probably 

 constitutes the Abrolhos Islands, and is found also in the interior along the Purus. The 

 Bahian group of Hartt, supposed to be Neocomian, has afforded Saurians ; the Sergipian, 

 L'pper or Middle Cretaceous, contains Ceratites and Ammonites, some identical with 

 species of the Texas Cretaceous. The Continguiban group, probably Senonian, as in the 

 Province of Sergipe, contains Ammonites and Inocerami. The Amazonian group of 

 Purus — Upper Chalk or Maestrichtian — has afforded remains of Mosasaurs and Turtles. 



GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE CRETACEOUS PERIOD. 



GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL PROGRESS. 



1. General progress. — Continental progress in North America previous 

 to the Cretaceous period was chiefly interior work ; the work of the great 

 Interior Continental seas, — endogenous, as it has been styled. During the 

 Cretaceous period, this endogenous work was continued over the Western 

 Continental Interior ; but, in addition, progress went forward largely through 

 sea-border work, on both the Atlantic and the Pacific sides. On the Atlantic, 

 after marine formations began, no outside ridges or elevated land are sup- 

 posed to have existed ; _and this appears to have been the fact also on parts 

 of the Pacific border. 



In Europe, the rock-making continued to be essentially Interior Conti- 

 nental throughout the period. The beds of Mull, Morven, and Antrim were 

 deposited within one of the continental troughs ; for the Archaean Hebrides 

 existed outside, and probably were a longer range than now. It was the 

 sanie sinking trough, moreover, in which beds had been deposited during 

 earlier Mesozoic times. 



