CENOZOIC TIME — TERTIARY. 



895 



Deep River Valley (or Deep Creek) and other valleys of the vicinity. The beds are hard 

 cream-colored clays, overlaid by loose beds of coarse and fine material of the Loup Fork 

 horizon. Cope's Ticholeptus beds of Cottonwood Creek, in Oregon, according to Scott, 

 are probably of the Loup Fork horizon ; but those of vfestern Nebraska he refers to the 

 White River group. 



The Pah- Ute Lake of King, named from a mountain ridge in Nevada, was described 

 by him as extending from the Columbia River, through Oregon and Nevada, into Cali- 

 fornia — an improbable range for one lake. He named its beds the Truckee Miocene. 

 They include, in Nevada, sands, grits, volcanic tufa, and infusorial deposits, the last 

 250' to 300' thick. 



Diller reports the Upper Sacramento Valley as the area of a great Miocene lake, 

 covering part of the northern end of the Sierra Nevada. 



III. Pliocene. — The Blanco beds of Cummins and Cope, on the Staked Plains of 

 western Texas, consist at Blanco Canon of beds of clays and sands, in all 150' to 200' 

 thick. The underlying beds are referred to the Triassic. The beds extend northward 

 beyond Red River. 



LIFE. 



Plants. — 1. Protophytes. — About 100 species of Diatoms have been 

 described by Ehrenberg and Bailey, from the Infusorial stratum of Rich- 

 mond, besides a few Polycystines and many sponge-spicules. Fig. 1469 repre- 

 sents a portion of the Richmond earth, as it appeared in the field view of 

 Ehrenberg's microscope. This is an example of one of the many Infusorial 

 earths of the era. 



2. Angiosperms, Conifers, Palms. — The lignitic beds in the lower part 



1470-1474. 



Fig. 1470, Quercus myrtifolia (?); 1471, Cmnamomum Mississippiense ; 1473, Calamopsis Danse; 1473, Fagns 



ferruginea (?); 1474, Carpolithes irregularis. 



