CENOZOIC TIME — QUATERNARY. 1001 



Fig. 1561 represents the bones of the head of the Vermont Cetacean, 

 DelpMnapterus leucas, mentioned on page 983 as frequenting the expanded 

 Champlain Bay of the time. It was probably about 14 feet in length. 



1561. 



Delphinapterus leucas (x |). Z. Thompson, 1853. 



The Equus beds, in central Kansas, McPherson County, have afforded (1891) Eq^ius 

 major and a species of Megalonyx (M. Leidyi Lindahl). The beds consist of gravel, sand, 

 and clay, with a layer of fine sand marl above, and indicate shallow water and marsh con- 

 ditions. In the Smoky Hill Valley, the beds contain remains of Elephants, Horses, Dogs, 

 Camels, and Platygonus ; similar remains are found in the valley of the Salomon 

 (Williston). 



In a forest bed, overlying the Erie Clays (page 972), and covered by stratified sands 

 and clays, Newberry found remains of the Champlain species of Mastodon, Elephant, and 

 Castoroides. 



Bones of Elephas or Mastodon, Equus, an Ox, Llama, occur in gravels of the 

 Lahontan basin, Nevada. 



Florida has afforded, according to Leidy, from the Alachua Clays of Archer and 

 Ocala, remains of Elephas Columbi, Mastodon Floridanus, Bhinoceros proterus, Hippo- 

 therium ingenuiim, AurJienia majoi\ A. minor, Machcerodus Floridanus, etc. ; and 

 from the Peace Creek beds. Manatee County, several of the above species, with Equus 

 fraternus. Bison Americanus, Megalonyx Jeffersonii, and a species of Glyptodon scarcely 

 distinguishable from a South American form. Some mixture of Quaternary with earlier 

 species at these localities is suspected. In Cuba, De Castro found the bones of a huge 

 Sloth, later named MegaJocnus rodens by Leidy ; and from the caves of Anguilla, one of 

 the Windward Islands, have come a gigantic Rodent related to the Chinchilla, as large 

 as the Virginia Deer, Amblyrhiza inundata Cope, besides other species of the genus. 

 The facts point to a Quaternary connection of Florida and the Western Islands with 

 South America. 



A vertical opening in the limestone strata at Port Kennedy, eastern Pennsylvania, 

 described by C. M. Wheatley, has afforded remains of a large number of species of 

 extinct Mammals, the animals having fallen into it as into a trap. As identified by Cope, 

 the bones belong to 34 species and 72 individuals, and include 2 Tapirs (T. Americanus 

 L. and T. Haysii), a Bear (Ursus pristinus), a Felis, an Ox, a Horse, the American 

 Mastodon, several species of Megalonyx, one of Mylodon, M. Harlani Owen, several 

 Rodents, and a Bat ; Cope observes that 11 were warm-climate species, and 3 North Ameri- 

 can Arctic. A cave in Wythe County, Va., and another near Galena, 111., contain some 

 extinct species along with others that are living. In another near Carlisle, Penn., Baird 



