1002 HISTORICAL GEOLOGY. 



found 'bones of all the species of Mammals of the state, besides one or two other species 

 not now Pennsylvanian, but known in regions not far remote ; as a general rule, the bones 

 of the cave appear to indicate that the size of the species exceeded that at the present 

 time. 



In western Canada, Chapman has found remains of the modern Beaver, Muskrat, 

 Elk, and Moose, in stratified gravel which contained also bones of the Mammoth and 

 Mastodon. 



At Kotzebue Sound have been found Equus major, Alces Americanus, Rangifer 

 caribou, Ovibos moschatus, 0. maximus, O. cavifrons, Bison crassicornis {— B. antiquus 

 Leidy), but no Mastodon remains. 



The Quaternary deposits have afforded Marsh remains of the Birds, Meleagris altus 

 Mh., and 31. celer Mh. (Turkeys), from New Jersey; Grus proavus Mh., ibid.; and 

 Catarractes affinis Mh., from Maine. 



South American. 



In South America, over 100 species of extinct Quaternary quadrupeds 

 have been made out. The bones occur in great numbers, over the prairies 

 or pampas of La Plata, in the " Pampean " formation, and in the caverns 

 of Brazil ; and they include thirty or more species of Rodents {Squirrels, 

 Beavers, etc.), species of Horse of the genera Hippidium and Equus, Tapir ^ 

 Lama, Stag, Dicotyles ; species of Macrauchenia ; a Mastodon different from 

 the North American; Hyena; Wolves; half a dozen Panther-like beasts, 

 which occupied the caverns of Brazil ; and, among Edentates, Ant-eaters, 

 12 or 14 species related in tribe to the Megatherium (Sloth tribe), and a dozen 

 or more related to the Armadillo and Glyptodon. They number more species 

 than now exist in that part of the continent, and were far larger animals. 



1562. 



Edentate. — Megatherium Cuvieri (x ^\). 



The Edentates were the most remarkable. The animals of this order are 

 stupid in aspect and lazy in movement and attitude. 



The Megatherium (M. Cuvieri Desmarest, Fig. 1562) exceeded in size the 

 largest Rhinoceros. The length of one of the skeletons is 18 feet. Its 

 massy limbs were more like columns for support than like organs of motion. 



