CENOZOIC TIME — QUATERNARY. 



1007 



zone. One cause of such a climate may have been the extensive submergence 

 of northern lands, giving an unusual sweep northward to the Gulf Stream and 

 the corresponding warm current of the Pacific. Perhaps in the earlier part 

 of the period, before the glacier had disappeared from northern Europe and 

 America, Arctic Asia was still very cold ; but, long before its close, the 

 Elephants had taken full possession, as the vast abundance' of their 

 remains attests. 



1566. 



Restoration of Diprotodon Australis by Owen. 



The migrations of the species from Europe to southern England took 

 place as the Glacial era closed, but before the Cham plain subsidence had 

 taken place — this event, as in America, having been delayed until the retreat 

 of the ice had made great progress. 



The rarity of remains of Quaternary Mammals in Scotland and Ireland, 

 in contrast with England and Wales, where they have been found in over 

 150 localities, has been attributed by Dawkins to the lingering of the ice about 

 the Scotch and Irish mountains. 



The cold that followed the Champlain period, or that of the Reindeer era 

 of Lartet, appears to have brought destruction among the northern tribes 

 of Europe and Asia, and, at the same time, to have driven southward the 

 more active survivors, or those which had the best chance for escape. The 

 encasing in ice of huge Elephants, and the perfect preservation of the flesh, 

 shows that the cold finally became suddenly extreme, as of a single winter's 

 night, and knew no relenting afterward. The existence of remains of the 

 Eeindeer in southern France, of the Marmot, also a northern species, and of 



