CENOZOIC TIME — QUATERNARY. 



1013 



mination. In conforming to the old organic law, kill and eat, he is like his 

 predecessors. But his necessities lead him to drive wild nature from her 

 grounds, in order to secure room for his farms and dwellings ; and in the 

 process, species of plants and animals are fast becoming extinct. Man's 

 carelessness, moreover, has made destructive fires among forests common. 



Neolithic Man. — The earlier deposits of the Recent period, made by 

 human agency, are his shell-heaps found especially along coasts, those of the 

 coasts of Danish Islands, in the Baltic — called Kjohken-modding or Kitchen- 

 middens, and similar accumulations at other localities. They contain no 

 remains of the Reindeer, showing that the glacial cold had receded toward 

 its present limits, while those of the Urus, Stag, Roedeer, Wild Boar, Dog, 

 Wolf, and other existing species are common. 



In Denmark and elsewhere occur polished stone implements, with broken 

 pottery, and bones of existing quadrupeds, and among them those of the 

 domesticated Dog, but no remains of either the extinct Quaternary Mammals 

 or the Reindeer. The Neolithic human remains of Denmark indicate the 

 same small, round-headed race, Laplander-like, that were found in the 

 Reindeer caves of Belgium. 



In the same era, or perhaps a little later in the Neolithic era, existed the 

 oldest of the lake-dwellings of Switzerland (dwellings in lakes, on piles, 

 such as Herodotus described over 2000 years since). They have afforded 



1569. 



1570. 



Human skeleton, from Guadaloupe. 



Conglomerate, containing coins. 



stone implements and pottery, with remains of Goats, Sheep, the Ox, as 

 well as the Dog, but not the Reindeer or any extinct species ; also, of 

 Wheat and Barley ; also a human skull, neither very long nor very sliort, 

 but, according to Rutimeyer, much like those of the modern Swiss. These 



