1048 



INDEX. 



Chimborazo (Mt.), 26, 274, 290, 296 



Chiua, 51, S4, 145 ; Cambrian in, 

 4S2 ; Lower Silurian, 522 ; Upper 

 Silurian, 564; Devonian, 628; 

 Carboniferous, 632, 693, 696 ; Cre- 

 taceous, 883 



China Sea, 927 



Chinate Mts., 874 



Chipola epoch (group), 884, 891, 

 899* 917 



Chipola sands (fossiliferous), 890, 

 891 



Chirolepis, 417, 620 ; Canadensis, 

 618* ; Trallii, 417* 



Chiropters, 918 



Chirotherium, 772*, 773, 774 ; Eei- 

 teri, 692 



Chirox, 917 



Chiton, 424§ ; Canadensis, 514 ; car- 

 .bonarius, 690 



Chlamydotherlum, 1004 



Chlorine, 63 



Chlorite, 68§, 89 



— argillyte, 89§ 



— rocks, 79§, 83, 84, 86, 87, 319, 449 



— schist, 89§ 

 Chloritlc marl, 865 

 ChlorophyU, 136 

 Cholaster peculiaris, 646 

 Cholodus, 692 

 Chomatodus, 692 

 Chondrites Colletti, 688 

 Chondrodite, 63, 67§, 79, 319, 447, 



449, 450, 531 



Chondroditic limestone, 79g, 449, 



450, 531 



Chonetes, 546* 550, 552, 562, 579, 



611, 621, 622, 642, 674, 700 ; cor- 

 nutus, 546*, 550 ; Dalmanianus, 

 703; deflectus, 592 ; Flemingi, 685; 

 Hardrensis, 625, 628; hemisphai'- 

 ricus, 590, 592 ; Illinoisensis, 642*, 

 647; latus, 427* 567; lepidus, 



612, 620 ; lineatus, 590 ; meso- 

 lobus, 675*, 690 ; mucronatus, 

 592, 602; Novascoticus, 562; or- 

 natus, 642*, 646 ; planumbonus, 

 646 ; scitulus, 612, 620 ; setigerus, 

 598* 601, 620; striateUus, 567, 

 568 



ChonophyHum Niagarense, 547*, 



550 

 Choristoceras, 771 ; Haueri, 774 

 Chouteau hmestone, 637, 646 

 Chrestotes Dana?, 691 ; lapidea, 691 

 Christiania, 309 

 Christianite, 186 

 Christuias Island, 151 (height) 

 Chrome-spinel, 88 

 Chrysalidina gradata, 432*, 860* 

 Chrysoberyl, 449 

 Chrysocolla, 335 

 Chrysodomus Stonei, 917 

 Chrysolite, 67§ 

 Chrysolitic gabbro, 272 ; hornblen- 



dytc, 532 ; pyroxenyte, 582 

 — rocks, SS-S9 

 Chrysomelids, 771 

 Cicada, 419 

 Cidaris, 59, 641, 760, 779, 834, 840 ; 



Blumenbachii, 778*, 791 ; clavi- 



gera, 866; cretosa, 866; flori- 



gemma, 790, 791 ; splendens, 854; 



Texana, 837 ; vesiculosa, 866 

 Cimolestes incisus, 853* 

 Cimoliosaurus, 845 

 Cimolos Island, 296 (volcanoes) 

 Cincinnati, Ohio, 533 



— anticline. See Cincinnati uplift 



— beds, 492, 504, 506, 511, 514, 515, 

 516 ; characteristic species, 516 



— epoch, 494, 559 



— group, 489 



— Island. See Cincinnati uplift 



— uplift, 3S7§, 490, 494, 522, 527, 

 532-533, 537, 539, 540, 633; in- 

 fluence of, in the Upper Silurian, 

 571 



Cinders, volcanic. See Volcanic 

 Cinnabar, 335 

 Cinnabar, Mt., 829 

 Cinnamomum, 837, 896, 921 ; ellipti- 



cum, 889 ; Mississippiense, 895*, 



896 ; Scheuchzeri, 889 

 Cinnamon, 921 

 Cinulia, 861 ; avellana, 861* ; pul- 



chella, 854 

 Cirripeds, 420*, 421§, 513 (earliest), 



579, 720 

 Cladiscites tornatus, 771* 

 Cladodus, 692, 702; Clarki, 619*, 



620; Fyleri, 619* 620; Kepleri, 



620 ; marginatns, 702 ; sinuatus, 



619* ; spinosns, 644*, 647 

 Cladonia, 75; rangiferina, 75 

 Cladopora labiosa, 592 

 Cladoxylon mirabile, 621 

 Claiborne epoch (group), 884, 885, 



889, 891, 916 



— (Lower), 884, 885, 888, 890, 896, 

 897* 915, 916 



— (Upper), 896, 897* 

 Clam, 423, 424§ 



Claosaurus, 847, 856; annectens, 



844* 845* 847 

 Clarion coal, 652 ; sandstone, 652 

 Clastic rocks, 75§ 

 Clathropora flabellata, 514 

 Clathropteris, 740, 750 ; rectiuscula, 



749* 

 Clava Chipolana, 917 

 Clavllithes humerosus, 916 ; Missis- 



sippiensis, 916 ; pachyleurus, 916; 



Penrosei, 916 

 Clay, 76§, 80§, 81 (kinds), 134 

 Clay-ironstone, 70§, 82 

 Clay marls, 815, 821, 854 

 ClaV shale, 688, 748, 892 ; slate, 80§, 



84 

 Clayey layers, plication of, 208, 209* 



— rocks, 12, 313 

 Clayton beds, 888 

 Clayton Peak, 360*, 361 



Clear Creek limestone, 543, 559 



Clear-Fork beds, 660 



Clear Lake. See Borax Lake 



Cleavage in rocks, 92, 112*, 118*, 370 



Cleodora, 425* 



Clepsydrops, 687 



Clepsysaurus Pennsylvanicus, 753, 

 754* 



Cleveland shale, 606, 619, 620 



Clidastes, 826 ; iguanavus, 848 ; pro- 

 python, 848 ; velox, 848* 



Clidophorus Pallasi, 707 



Cliffs, wearing of, 220, 221* 



Climacograptus, 514, ."520 ; bicornis, 

 511)*; Emmonsi, 470*; typicalis, 

 516 



Climactichnites Fosteri, 479* ; Wil- 

 soni, 479* ; Youngi, 479* 



Climatal changes, causes of, 253-257 



Climatal development, 1026 



Climate, effects on the work of 

 rivers, 189 



— , Cambrian, 484 ; Carbonic, 711- 

 712 ; Champlain, 940 ; Cretaceous, 

 872-873, 877; Eocene, 929; Gla- 

 cial, 940, 943, 944 ; Lower Silurian, 

 524 ; ]»ost-Mesozoic, 875, 877 ; 

 Paleozoic, 727 ; post-Paleozoic, 

 786 ; Permian, 787 ; Quaternary, 

 940 ; Tertiary, 921, 989 ; Triassic 

 and Jurassic, 791, 792-798 ; Upper 

 Silurian, 574 



Clinch Mountain sandstone, 538 



Clinkstone, 85§ 



Clinometer, 100*§ ; use of, for meas- 

 uring distant slopes, 28 



Clinton beds or epoch, 356, 410, 535, 

 540, 544, 549-550, 552, 563, 570, 

 572, 577 



and Medina, British equiva- 

 lent of, 568 



Cliona sulphurea, 158 



Clitambonites, 500 ; Americanus, 515 



Clupea, 862 



Clymenia, 614 (first American), 620, 

 626; laevigata, 627; NeapoUtana, 

 614* ; Sedgwicki, 620* ; undulata, 

 627 



Clymenia limestone, 627 



Clypeus Hugi, 428* 



Coahuila Valley, 200 



Coal, 62§, 124, 186, 143, 154, 485, 

 727, 775 (jet) ; analyses, 661, 662, 

 668, 718 ; formation of, from vege- 

 table debris, 712-714 ; impurities, 

 668, 664 ; kinds, 661 ; origin, 71, 

 155, 658, 654, 655; plant-remains 

 in, 658-655, 658, 663, 664 ; struc- 

 ture, 709, 710 ; vegetable material 

 of: kinds and composition, 712, 

 713 



— in Caleiferous, 493 ; Carbonifer- 

 ous and Subcarboniferous, 684, 

 636, 639, 648, 661-664, 674, 693, 

 694*, 695, 696 ; Permian, 660, 684, 

 685, 698; Triassic, 742, 744, 745, 

 748, 755, 769 ; Jurassic, 775, 776 ; 

 Cretaceous, 818, 820, 822, 825, 

 826, 827, 828, 829, 831, 857, 865, 

 872 ; Tertiary, 887, 892, 920, 922, 

 927 



— areas of N. America, 635, 825 



— fields of Europe, 698, 694, 696 

 Coal-beds, bowlders in, 664, 709 ; 



burning of, 84, 266, 313 (changed 

 to coke) ; metamorphic changes 

 in, 815, 453 ; thickness of, 651, 

 652, 658, 656, 657, 658 

 Coal-measures, dirt-beds of, 653, 

 658 ; false, 689 



— section of, near Nesquehoning, 

 Pa., 649* ; at Trevorton Gap, Pa., 

 650* 



