INDEX. 



1049 



Coal period, 631, 647 



Coalville (Utah) coal-bed, 825, 829 



— group, 825, 829 

 Coast barriers, 224*, 225* 



— belt. See Coast Chain 



— Cordillera, 25 



— Chain, 390, 739, 818, 937 



— Range, Cal. and Oregon, 30, 659, 

 739, 809, 810, 811, 83o'^ 885, 892 



of British Columbia, 389, 739, 



812 



Coastal plains, 24§ 



Coasts, water-line of, 346 



Cobalt, 70, 342, 344 ; oxide, 344 



Coblenzian beds, 626 ; fauna, 670 



Cobscook Bay, 552 



Coccolepls, 699 



Coccoliths, 72, 140, 437§, 83S§, 859 



Cocconeis atmospherica, 163, 164* ; 

 hneata, 163, 164* 



Cocconema cymbiforme, 163, 164* 



Coccospheres, 72 



Coccosteid, 616* 



Coccosteus, 566, 619, 625, 626, 627 ; 

 decipiens, 624* ; macromus, 621 ; 

 occidentalis, 588* 



Coccosteus family, 618 



Cochliodonts, 643§, 647, 705 



Cochliodus contortus, 644*, 702*; 

 nobilis, 644*, 647 



Cochloceras, 771 



Cockroaches, 156, 419, 574, 677, 721, 

 723; Carboniferous, 677, 679, 691, 

 701, 722 ; Paleozoic, 721, 722 ; Per- 

 mian, 686 ; Triassic, 757, 771 



Codaster, 516, 601 



Ccelacanthus, 679, 680, 692, 705 ; ele- 

 gans, 680*, 692 ; granulatus, 707 



Coelenterates, 418§, 419, 430§ 



Coelodus, 836 



Ccelospira, 679 ; hemisphaerica, 560 ; 

 Scotica, 567, 569 



Ccelurus gracilis, 836 



Ccenenohyma, 431§ 



Coenograptus gracilis, 510*, 515, 616 



Ccenograptns zone of Lapworth, 616 



Coffee sands, 824 



Coke, 313, 661, 663, 713 



Coleolus, 599 ; acicula, 612, 620 



Coleopters, 54, 419, 794, 900 (num- 

 ber at Florissant) ; Coal-measure, 

 679, 691, 702; Triassic, 771; Gla- 

 cial, 946 



Colodon, 918 



Colombia, Cretaceous in, 867 



Colonoceras, 918 



Color of rocks, 400 



Colorado, 23 (height), 26, 85, 87, 109, 

 160, 188, 189, 203, 207, 260. 265, 

 266, 296, 313, 338, 340, 348, 363, 

 364, 447 ; silver mines, 340 ; ter- 

 races, 363* ; trachyte, 276* ; see 

 also Front Range of Colorado 



— , Archaean in, 444, 449 ; Cambrian, 

 464, 476; Trenton, 495, 509, 516; 

 Devonian, 580 ; Subcarboniferous, 

 469, 639 ; Carboniferous, 469, 476, 

 668 ; Permian, 693 ; Triassic, 187, 

 203, 363, 721, 746, 747, 756 ; Juras- 

 sic, 187, 363, 747, 748, 768, 760, 

 761, 762, 765; Cretaceous, 187, 

 274, 363, 826 (coal), 828, 830, 



847, 848; Tertiary, 185, 882, 886, 

 893, 901, 909, 935 (elevation) ; 

 post-Mesozoic, 876 



— Canon (Grand Cafion), 107, 186, 

 187*, 188*, 189, 362, 381, 447, 464, 

 469, 484, 541, 658, 660, 747 



— Chain, 389 



— desert, 160 



— epoch, 815, 821, 823, 824,825,826, 

 829, 830, 831, 855, 873 



— plateaus, 109, 110*, 362, 363* 



— Range. See Front Range 



— River, 25, 26, 30, 200, 362 

 Coloreodon, 918 

 Colossochelys Atlas, 923, 927 

 Colubrida?, 923 



Columbia River, 25, 30, 226, 831, 885, 



895 

 Columbian formation, 974 

 Columbus limestone, 581 

 Columnar structure, 261*, 262* 

 Columnaria, 501, 515; alveolata, 



604, 505*, 613, 517 ; calicina, 513 ; 

 Halli, 513 ; incerta, 603 ; parva, 

 503 



Comanche group (beds), 815, 817, 

 834, 874* 



— Peak chalk, 817, 819, 836 

 Comarocystites punctatus, 514 ; 



Shumardi, 514 

 Comatulse, 402, 429§ 

 Comatulids, 429, 779 

 Comb (mining term), 338§, 722 

 Comoro Islands, 296 (volcanoes) 

 Compact rocks, 80§ 

 Compass, clinometer, 100*§ 

 Compsacanthus, 692 ; laevis, 692 

 Compsaster formosus, 646 

 Compsemys, 850, 856 ; plicatulus, 



767 

 Compsognathus longipes, 786 

 Comptonia, 921 

 Comstock lode, 339 

 Concentric discoloration, 139, 140* 



— structure, 90*§, 97*, 98, 127, 140*, 

 289, 327 



Concepcion, earthquake at, 213, 349 



Conchifers. See Lamellibranchs 



Concretionary consolidation, 139- 



140*; rocks, 79, SO, 82, 96, 139, 



344, 690 ; structure, 132, 289, 327 



Concretions, 87, 96*, 97*, 139, 152, 



195, 230, 274, 307, 327, 493, 603, 



605, 606, 657, 665, 677, 688, 775, 

 822, 825, 847, 8SS 



Condros, sandstones of, 626 



Conduit of a volcano. See Vol- 

 cano 



Conewango basin, 945 



Coney Island, 224 



Confervfe, 60, 72, 133, 140, 157, 437, 

 5S2, 683* 



Conformability, 114§, 115*, 391, 400, 

 404, 406, 807, 809 



Conglomerate, 80§, 292 (volcanic), 

 400 (coral) 



— , limestone, 78§ 



Congo River, 30 



Congress Springs, analysis of 

 waters, 121 



Conifers, 53 ; ash of, 75 ; time 

 range, 409* 



Coniophis precedens, 848 



Coniston grits, 563 ; limestone, 518, 

 619, 520 



Connecticut, mean height, 23 ; 

 Branchville Mine, 321 ; Thimble 

 Islands, 949 ; copper ores, 745 ; 

 Iron ore beds, 127; marble, 524, 

 630, 531 ; Trias.sic, 111, 740, 741, 

 742, 751, 753, 754, 755, 799, 800, 

 801* (map), SOS ' 



— River, 87, 172, 212 (tide) ; sound- 

 ings at mouth of, 226* 



Range, 358 



Connecticut River valley drift, 956 



— valley, 194* (terraces), 195, 448 ; 

 Devonian, 810, 581 ; Lower Hel- 

 derberg, 568 ; Niagara, 541 ; Tri- 

 assic, 264, 316, 740 



trough, 461, 636, 537, 541, 633, 



716, 743 

 Connellsville sandstone, 661 

 Connoquenessing sandstones, 656 

 Conocardium, 520, 662, 621 ; sequi- 



costatum, 567 ; cuneus, 586* 590 ; 



dipterum, 519*; immaturum, 



514 ; Meekanum, 647 

 Conocephalites, 482, 483 

 Conocoryphe, 481, 482 ; minuta, 



479* 

 Conodonts, 621 

 Conomitra Hammakeri, 916 

 Connphyllum magniflcum, 690 

 Conorbis alatoideus, 916 

 Consolidation (see also Solidiiica- 



tion), 2S9 ; by calcareous waters, 



133, 189 ; by ferruginous waters, 



134, 139 ; by iron oxide, 12S ; by 

 metamorphism, 316, 322 ; by sili- 

 ceous solutions, 185, 139, 313, 823, 

 800 



— , concretionary, 139-140* 



— of coral reefs, 161 



Constance, Lake, 921 



Contact-minerals and contact-phe- 

 nomena, 312§, 813, 814, 338, 810 ; 

 veins, 334 



Continent, definition of, 34§, 35 



— making, 376§ 

 Continental border, 743, 744 



— Interior. See Interior Continen- 

 tal 



— plateaus, 379 



Continents, 383 ; arrangement of, 

 17, 21 ; as individuals, 22 : heights 

 of, 23, 380 ; mostly in the northern 

 hemisphere, 394 



— , mountain chains and volcanoes 

 mostly on the borders of, 392 



— , northern and southern, in a 

 zigzag arrangement, 394 



— , origin of, 388 ; submerged bor- 

 ders, 17 ; S}"Stem in reliefs, 30-85 



Continguiban group, 867 



Contraction, effects of, 260. 827, 

 381 ; in glass and rock, 264, 265 ; 

 in volcanic work, 283 ; on drying 

 and on cooling makes fissures, 

 327 



— theory of mountain-making, 888- 

 386 



— and expansion, 259-265, 261* 

 882 



