1056 



INDEX. 



Florissant group or basin, 886, 893, 



900, 901, 902 

 Flotation crust, 37S§ 

 Flow-and-plung-e structure, 93*§, 



194 

 Flow of solids, 351-352 

 Flowerless plants. See Cryptogams 

 Fluccan, 453 



Fluidal structure in rocks, 77§ 

 Fluor-apatite, 73 

 Fluor spar. See Fluorite 

 Fluorides, 69, 73, 143 

 Fluorine, 61, 63 

 Fluorite, fluor spar, 63, 69§ 

 Flustra, 427 

 Fluvial action, 744 ; formations, 191, 



192, 820. See also Alluvial 

 Flysch, 367*, 920 

 Folds. See Flexures 

 Foliated rocks, 77§, 309, 534 



— structure, foliation, 112, 113*§, 

 312, 370-371 



Folkestone beds, 865 



Fontainebleau sandstone, 318, 926 



Foosdiceras bidorsatum, 774 



Foot wall, 32S§ 



Footprints (tracks, trails), 89, 95, 

 223; Cambrian, 446, 464, 469, 

 474, 477*, 479*, 480, 482 ; Upper 

 Silurian, 544, 545*, 546* ; Car- 

 boniferous, 681, 682, 684*, 692; 

 Subcarboniferous, 644, 645* ; Tri- 

 assic, 742, 745, 750*, 751*, 752*, 

 758, 755, 772* 



Foraminifers, 57, 72, 482*, 454, 502, 

 840, 858, 860, 922 



Fordilla Troyensis, 472* 



Forest bed, 927 



— Marble, 775, 790 

 Forests, 155 ; buried, 135, 887 

 Formation, 90§ 

 Formicidaa, 901 



Formosa, 40 



Fort Benton group, 825, 829, 843, 

 855 



— Bridger, 886 



— Pierre group, 815, 825, 829, 830, 

 855 



— Tejon, 885 



— Union beds (group), 828, 830 



— Worth limestone, 817, 887 

 Fossil wood. See Wood, silicifled 

 Fossiliferous rocks, 309, 400, 408 

 Fossilization, methods of, 142 

 Fossils, 12§, 71§, 141 ; as means of 



correlation, 400^04 (precautions, 

 402-404), 405; distortion of, 107, 

 869, 370*, 371; obhterated by 

 metamorphism, 314 ; silicifled, 

 130, 135, 160, 323 



Fox, 927 



Fox Hills beds (group), 815, 825, 

 828, 829, 840, 842, 852, 855 



Foyayte, 85§ 



Fractures, 106, 107, 108*, 109*, 110* 



— and displacements from pressure, 

 352*, 853*. 371, 807 ; from freezing 

 water, 230, 281 ; from variations 

 In temperature, 260 



Fragillaria Harrisoni, 699 ; pinnata, 



164*, 165 

 Fragmental deposits, 76, 89 



France, 87, 167, 176, 297 (volcanoes), 

 734 (upturnings) 



— , Archa-an in, 456; Cambrian, 

 484 ; Lower Silurian, 518, 521 ; 

 Upper Silurian, 5(U, 566, 508, 509, 

 573 ; Devonian, 626 ; Subcarbonif- 

 erous, 093; Carboniferous, 693, 

 696, 702 ; Permian, 698 ; Triassic, 

 768, 769, 774 ; Jurassic, 774, 775, 

 792, 793 ; Cretaceous, 774, 850, 857, 

 859, 805, 866, 870; Tertiary, 919, 

 920, 921, 923, 924, 925, 926, 932 



Franconia, 738, 769, 773 



Franconian, 738, 769, 773 



Franklinite, 70§, 449 



Frasnian shales and limestone, 626 



Frasnian stage, 601 



Fraxinus denticulata, 889 ; eocenica, 

 839 



Fredericksburg epoch (group), 815, 

 817, 819, 836 



Frederikshaab Glacier, 240, 241* 



Freeport coal, 652, 657, 663 ; Ume- 

 stones, 652 



Freezing, effects of, 280 



Freiburg vein, 333 



French chalk, 67 



Frenela, 922 



Friendly Islands, 19, 20, 296, 392 



Frigid zone, 46§ 



Fringing reefs, 148*, 149*, 150*, 

 151 



Frisco, Utah, 840 



Frobisher Bay, 495 



Frog, 54, 415, 418, 681, 795 



Frog Mt., Ala., 577 



Frog-spittle, 437 



Frome group, 831 



Frondicularia annularis, 432* 



Front Range of Colorado, 24, 25, 29, 

 203, 359, 368, 389. 580, 789, 747, 

 827, 829, 893, 935 



Frost causing displacement, 157, 

 231* 



Fruits, Carboniferous, 668, 669*, 

 672*, 678*, 674; Subcarbonifer- 

 ous, 639;. Tertiary, 896*, 921 



Fucoides Harlani, 549 



Fucus, 75, 487 



Fuegia, 154, 296; Cretaceous in, 

 858 ; snow line in, 234 ; glaciers 

 on, 240 



Fujiyama, volcano of, 290 



Fulgur spiniger, 916 



Fulgurite, 265§, 266 



Fuller's earth, 775, 790 



Fumaroles, 82, 265, 293§, 294 



Fundamental G-neiss, 408§, 440 



Funeral Mountains, 23 



Fungi, 75, 186, 158, 484, 436§, 441, 

 454, 688 



Fungoid plants, 63 



Fusibility of igneous rocks, 273, 

 304 ; its degree determining the 

 character of volcanic phenomena, 

 278, 274 



Fusion, cooling from, 261*, 264 



Fusispira elongata, 515 ; terebri- 

 formis, 516 ; ventricosa, 515 



Fusulina, 433, 659, 674, 696 ; cylin- 

 drica, 432*, 674*, 690, 700 ; elon- 

 gata, 690 ; gracilis, 690 ; Japonica, 



700 ; robusta, 690 ; ventricosa, 

 090 



Fusus, 130, 916, 922 ; exilis, 917 ; 

 intcrstriatus, 915 ; Labradorensis, 



984 ; parilis, 917 ; ])earlensis, 



910 ; strumosus, 917 ; tornatus, 

 984 



Gabbro, 87§, 88 

 GadoHnite, 449 

 Gadus, 910 

 Galathea, 703 

 GaldhOpig, 32 

 Galena, 70§, 125§ 



— limestone, 342, 492, 494, 513, 

 514, 515, 522 



Galeocerdo, 855 ; latidens, 926 



Galerites, 860 



Galerus, 916 



Gait hmestone, 543 



Galveston Deep Well, 890, 891 



Gambler Islands, 150 



Gampsonyx fimbriatus, 701*, 703 



Gangamopteris, 098 



Ganges, delta of, 878 ; discharge of, 

 173 ; silt of, 190 



Gangue, 09, 70, 331§, 833 



Gannet, 902 



Ganoids, 55, 59, 401, 402, 410§, 417*, 

 418, 510 ; structure of teeth, 417*, 

 725; Trenton, 509 (first), 574; 

 Upper Silurian, 574 ; Devonian, 

 587, 589*, 018*, 619, 020, 625*, 

 629 ; Subcarboniferous, 643, 700 ; 

 Carboniferous, 679, 680*, 692, 098, 

 702 ; Permian, 687, 705 ; Paleo- 

 zoic, 725, 727 ; post-Paleozoic, 736 ; 

 Jurassic, 099, 783, 784* ; Mesozoic, 

 879; Cretaceous, 812, 828, 843, 

 86^, 868 ; Tertiary, 922 



Ganorhynchus oblongum, 621 



Gardeau shale, 605 



Gardiners River, 131, 182* (springs), 

 133, 306, 307 



Garnet, 66*§ ; rocks, 82, 88 



Garnetyte, 88§ 



Garonne, 191 



Gars. See Ganoid 



Garumnian, 859, 866 



Gas, mineral. See Mineral oil and 

 gas 



Gasp6, 88, 466, 533, 544, 554, 581, 

 593, 611, 630 (upturnings) 



— limestone, 544, 580 ; sandstones, 

 591 



Gasp6- Worcester trough, 586, 537, 

 558, 559, 577, 683, 715, 732 



Gastornis, 925 ; Edwardsi, 925 



Gastrochaena, 157 



Gastropods, 59, 130, 152, 157, 423§, 

 424§, 425* 



Gault, 815, 818, 887, 857, 858, 859, 

 865, 935 



Gavialis Dixoni, 926 ; fraterculus, 

 848 ; Neocesariensis, 848 



Gavials, 54, 754, 787, 848 



Gavilian Range, 892 



Gay Head. See Martha's Vineyard 



G6ant, Glacier du, 235*, 286, 238, 

 242 



Geanticline, Cincinnati. See Cin- 

 cinnati uplift 



