INDEX. 



1063 



Lanrentian, 445 



— , the Champlain period, 941 



Laurentide Mts., 445 



Laurus, 837, 840, 854, 921, 922; 



soeialis, 839 

 Xauteraar Glacier, 237, 248 

 lauzon group, 496 

 Lava, 76, 85, 267§, 272, 275 



— conduit, 277§ ; cones, conditions 

 determining their forms, 274-276 ; 

 stalactites and stalagmites, 294*, 

 295, 324 



— streams, 287*-291, 293, 294, 

 295 



Layers, 76§, 91, 92§ (structure) 



Lead mines, Illinois and Wisconsin, 

 342, 522 ; Missouri, 342, 522 ; New 

 York, 542 ; Rocky Mtn. region, 

 876 



LeadviOe mines, 340, 341*, 343; 

 region, 304, 342, 876 



Leaia tricarinata, 691 



Lecanocrinus, 550 



Leclaire limestone, 543 



Leda, 602, 621, 917 ; amygdaloides, 

 925 ; arctica, 984 ; mater, 916 ; 

 minuta, 983, 984 ; multilineata, 

 916; ovum, 790; pernula, 983, 

 984 ; truncata, 984 



Leech, 423 



Leiocidaris hemigranosa, 837 



Leiopteria, 621 ; laevis, 602 



Leiorhynchus limitare, 602, 612 ; 

 mesacostale, 612, 620, 621 ; quad- 

 ricostatum, 612*, 620 ; sinuatum, 

 621 



Leitha limestone, 926 



Lemberg chalk, 866 



Lemuravus, 918 



Lemuroids, 917 



Lemurs, 54 



Lena Kiver, 30 



Lenticular mass, 92*§ 



Lepadocrinus, 562 ; Gebhardi, 562 



Lepas family, 600 



Leperditia, 481, 509, 516, 517, 562, 

 567 ; alta, 556*, 557 ; amygdaUna, 

 503 ; Anna, 499* ; Argenta, 476, 

 477* ; armata, 515 ; Baltica, 552, 

 569 ; Cambrensis, 481 ; Canaden- 

 sis, 502*, 503, 515 ; dermatoides, 

 474* ; fabulites, 508*, 515 ; Key- 

 serlingi, 568 ; nana, 502* 



Lepidodendrids, 664, 684, 698, 712, 

 718, 750 



Lepidodendron, 610, 611, 627, 628, 

 639, 645, 654, 658, 667*, 66S*, 689, 

 698, 699, 704 ; aculeatum, 645, 646, 

 663*, 688, 689 ; acuminatum, &16 ; 

 Chemungense, 609*, 610 ; clypea- 

 tum, 668*, 688, 689 ; corrugatum, 

 611, 645 ; costatum, 645 ; dicho- 

 tomum, 645, 688, 689 ; diplostegi- 

 oides, 645 ; forulatum, 645 ; 

 Gaspianum, 583*, 595, 611, 622; 

 lanceolatum, 669* ; modulatum, 

 688, 689 ; obovatum, 645, 689 ; 

 obscurum, 645 ; primaevum, 595*, 

 601, 610 ; i-imosum, 689 ; squamo- 

 sum, 699; Sternbergii, 668, 688, 

 689 ; tetragonum, 645 ; turbina- 

 tom, 645 ; Velthelmanum, 626, 



645, 668*, 688, 689, 699, 704 ; 



vestitum, 689 ; Wortheni, 645 

 Lepidomelane, 65§ 

 Lepidophlolos, 689, 699 ; laricinus, 



689 

 Lepidophyllum, 668, 699 

 Lepidopters, 419, 679, 900 

 Lepidosiren, 54, 417, 418 

 Lepidosteus, 59, 73, 417*, 901, 926; 



osseus, 417* 

 Lepidostrobus, 645, 668 ; hastatus, 



669* 

 Lepidotus, 783 

 Lepidoxylon, 673 

 Lepisma, 419, 702 

 Leptsena, 503, 520, 521, 562, 568, 



579 ; laticosta, 626 ; Murchisoni, 



626 ; rhomboidalis, 507*, 514, 520, 



548*, 551, 562, 567, 568, 572, 590 ; 



sericea, 503, 507*, 514, 520, 521, 



522, 524, 550 ; transversalis, 503, 



568 ; Verneuili, 668 

 Leptauchenia, 918 

 Leptictis, 918 

 Leptocardians, 414, 418 

 Leptochcerus, 918 

 Leptocladus, 789 



Leptoccelia, 579, 627 ; flabellites, 579 

 Leptodesma, 620, 621 ; lichas, 613* ; 



spinigerum, 621 

 Leptolepis, 699 

 Leptomeryx, 918 

 Leptomitus Zittelli, 470* 

 Leptophloeum, 590 ; rhombicum, 



622 

 Leptophractus obsoletus, 682 

 Leptosolen bipUcata, 854 

 Leptostrophia, 579 ; Becki, 579 ; 



perplana, 579 

 Leptotragulus, 907, 918 

 Leptynyte, S3§ 

 Lepus, 918 

 Lesleya, 639 

 Lessonia, 155 



Lestosaurus, 848 ; simus, 849* 

 Lette Island, 296 

 Lettenkohle, 755, 769, 774 

 Leucite, 65§, 77, 81, 85, 86, 88, 273, 



274 ; rocks, 81, 85 

 Leucitophyre, 85§ 

 Leucitophyric, 77§ 

 Leucityte, 86§ 

 Leucotephryte, 85§ 

 Leucozonia biplicata, 915 

 Levant series, 728 

 Level, changes of, now in progress, 



348, 349*, 350 

 Level of no strain. See Zero strain 

 Levis formation, 490, 496, 497, 



527* 

 Lewis Island, 456 

 Lewisian Gneiss, 440 (Archaean 



synonymy) 

 — group of Murchison, 456 

 Lherzolyte, 88§ 

 Liard River, 746, 758 

 Lias (Liassic), 775 ; in Western 



America, 808, 809 

 — , White, 774, 790 

 Liassian of D'Orbigny, 775 

 Libellula, 78:3* ; Brodiei, 783 

 Liberty Cap, geyser cone, 307* 



Libocedrus, 939 ; decurrens, 939 



Lichas, 520, 521, 551, 561, 568, 586, 

 591 ; Anglicus, 567 ; Bigsbyi, 561 

 Boltoni, 519*, 551 ; eucuUus, 515 

 grandis, 586, 587*; gryps, 587* 

 hylaeus, 587* ; laxatus, 567 ; pus- 

 tulosus, 561 ; Kibeiroi, 521 

 Trentonensis, 508*, 509, 512, 515 



Lichcnocrinus, 516 



Lichens, 53, 75 (ash), 126, 136 (ash), 

 436§, 688, 946 



Life, characteristics of, 9§, 413 ; its 

 chemical work, 136-137 ; contribu- 

 tions to rock-making, 71-75 ; de- 

 structive effects of, 157 ; protec- 

 tive effects, 155 ; transporting ef- 

 fects, 156 



-^, disappearance of, 403, 404 ; at 

 close of Mesozoic, 876-877 ; at 

 close of Paleozoic, 727, 728, 735- 

 736 ; at close of Cretaceous, 576 



— , evolution by variation, 1020 



— , general laws as to progress in, 

 1028 ; geographical distribution 

 of, 52-60 ; injury to, from mineral 

 and marine waters, 122 ; introduc- 

 tion of, 397, 458 



— , lowest species the best rock- 

 makers, 142 ; mechanical work 

 and rock contributions, 117, 118, 

 140-158 



— , oceanic, distribution of, illus- 

 trated by the physiographic chart, 

 47* 



— , system of, animal kingdom, 

 413 ; vegetable, 434 ; cephaliza- 

 tion, 437 



Ligerian, 859, 866 



Light afi'ecting life, 52 



Lighthouses and waves, 217, 218 



Lightning, effects of, upon rocks 

 and sand-heaps, 265, 266 ; heat of, 

 258 



Lignite, 816, 817, 819, 821, 825, 829, 

 830, 887, 890, 922 



Lignitic beds, 828, 829, 885, 88T 

 (Brandon), 889, 895, 896, 921, 

 922 



Ligumen planulatum, 854 



Ligurian group, 884 



Lily Encrinite, 770 



Lima, 756, 757, 759, 780, 884, 860 ; 

 crenulicosta, 854 ; decussata, 866 ; 

 gigantea, 779*, 790 ; Kimballi, 

 837 ; proboscidea, 791 ; punctata; 

 791 ; retifera, 690 ; rudis, 790 ; 

 Shastaensis, 837 ; striata, 774 ; 

 Taylorensis, 759* 



Liraacina, 424 



Limbs. See Merosthenic ; Podos- 

 thenic ; Prosthenlc ; Urosthenic 



Limestone, 62§, 78-80 ; ferriferous, 

 decaying to limonite, 126* ; meta- 

 morphic, 309, 310, 315 ; rate of 

 formation, 716 ; teachings of coral 

 reefs on, 151 



— caverns, 883 



Limnadia, 486 



Limntea, 152 ; caudata, 926 ; desid- 

 iosa, 966 ; humUis, 966 



Limnophysa desidlosa, 966 ; hu- 

 milis, 966 



