﻿8 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BULS. 1351-1375 



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Department Bulletin No. 1370. — Sugar-Cane Sirup Manufacture: 



Introduction 1 



Influence of cultural conditions on quality and yield of sirup 3 



Climate 3 



Soil 3 



Fertilization 4 



Varieties of cane 5 



Considerations governing size of sirup plant 9 



Cost of transporting cane 9 



Acreage available : 10 



Quality of sirup to be produced 10 



Cost of producing cane 11 



Equipment and costs for making sirup on a small scale 13 



Mill and evaporator 13 



Layout 13 



Extraction of juice 16 



Cost of making sirup 18 



Comparison of methods of manufacture 20 



Boiling and skimming method 21 



Clarification by sulphur dioxide and lime 28 



Clarification by lime alone 32 



Mechanical clarification 35 



Treatment with decolorizing carbons 38 



Equipment and costs for making sirup on a large scale 39 



Equipment 43 



Cost of making sirup 55 



Canning sirup 58 



Operation 58 



Cans and canning equipment 60 



Prevention of crystallization by the invertase process 61 



Use of invertase during manufacture of sirup 62 



Use of invertase by canning plants 65 



Composition and food value of cane sirup 69 



Color and flavor 69 



Composition 69 



Food value 71 



Marketing cane sirup 72 



Selling in barrels or in cans 72 



Cooperative plants 73 



Department Bulletin No. 1371. — Effectiveness Against the San 

 Jose Scale of the Dry Substitutes for Liquid Lime-Sulphur: 



Introduction 1 



Materials used 5 



Liquid lime-sulphur 5 



Records taken 5 



Percentage of control 6 



Dry calcium-sulphurs 6 



Dry sodium-sulphur compounds 16 



Dry barium-sulphur compounds 21 



General summary 25 



Literature cited 25 



Department Bulletin No. 1372. — Transmitting Ability of Twenty- 

 three Holstein-Friesian Sires: 



Breeding studies on dairy cattle 1 



Scope of the study 2 



How the sires were selected 2 



Production records of daughters and their dams 3 



Method of inheritance 11 



The blending-inheritance theory 13 



What is a great sire of production? 14 



Prepotency of the sire 18 



Method of breeding and record of dam as indications of a sire's breed- 

 ing ability 19 



Which parent has greater influence on milk yield, butter-fat percent- 

 age, and butter-fat yield? 21 



Summary 31 



Literature cited 32 



