﻿STBAWBERRY EOOTWORM ON GEEENHOUSE ROSES 3 



Paria and Typophorus as separate genera, with canella^ quadrinotata, 

 and gilvipes as distinct species of Paria, and in 1920 Leng (^i, p. 294-) 

 also separated the two genera, but listed only the one species ccmella 

 under Paria with gilvipes and quadnnotata as two of the nine 

 varieties of the species. The writer has followed Leng's use of the 

 names. 



The synonymy of Paria canella quadnnotata (Say) appears, there- 

 fore, to be as follows : 



1824. Colaspis quadrinotata Say {26, p. 4^6). 



1858. Paria quadrinotata (Say) LeConte (20, p. 86). 



1873. Paria sexnotata quadrinotata (Say) Crotch {7, p. 39). 



1892. Typophorus canellus quadrinotatus (Say) Horn {16, p. 208). 



1914. Paria quadrinotata (Say) Clavareau (4, p. 156). 



1920. Paria canella quadrinotata (Say) Leng {21, p. 294). 



The synonymy of P. canella gilvipes (Crotch) appears to be as 

 follows : 



1833. Metachroma gilvipes Dejean (nomen nudum) (8, p. 41^-) 



1873. Paria sexnotata gilvipes (Dejean) Crotch (7, p. 39). 



1892. Typophorus canellus aterrimus gilvipes (Crotch) Horn {16, p. 208). 



1914. Paria gilvipes (Crotch) Clavareau {4, p. 156). 



1920. Paria canella gilvipes (Crotch) Leng {21, p. 294). 



ECONOMIC HISTORY AND FOOD PLANTS ' 



Cook (5), in a paper read in 1880 and published in 1881, seems to 

 have been the first to mention the four-spotted Paria as injurious 

 to strawberry. Since then a number of accounts have referred to 

 the insect as a strawberry pest. Strawberry, raspberry, juniper, 

 wild crab apple, and cinquefoil are mentioned as hosts of the adults 

 by Forbes {IS, p. 169) in 1884. In 1893 Webster {28, p. 202) " ob- 

 served them in Ohio eating holes in the leaves of blackberry and 

 raspberry." Injury to raspberry is recorded in Canada by Fletcher 

 (ii, p. 81; 12, p. 216) in 1894 and 1895, and in Maine by Harvey 

 {15, pp. 106-110) in 1896. 



In correspondence received by the Bureau of Entomology on 

 May 10, 1905, from Rutland, Md., it was stated that the foliage of 

 Prairie and Harrison rose plants was being perforated by beetles. 

 The specimens were probably Typophorus canellus but because of 

 their crushed condition the determination was not positive. 



Felt {10, p. 637) records butternut, mountain ash, and heath aster 

 {Aster ericoides) as hosts. According to Swenk {27, p. 83, pi. 3, b) 

 thousands of the beetles were found feeding voraciously in an apple 

 orchard in Nebraska. Neither of these references associates any 

 particular variety of Paria canella with these hosts. The variety 

 sexnotata is recorded on juniper by Say {26, p. 4^6) in 1824. 



Black walnut buds were reported as being injured by specimens 

 received by the Bureau of Entomology in April, 1921, from Ithaca, 

 N. Y., and determined * as Paria canella Fab. In the same month 

 Britton {3, p. 195) reported injury on the tender terminal leaves of 

 Japanese walnut by adults of the vurieties gilvipes and quadrinotata 

 at Wilton. Conn. In July, 1921, J. K. Primm found adults of the 

 variety gilvipes feeding on leaves of butternut in a nursery at West 



* BecauHf of t.lio confusion in the Viiriit:il i]'>menf;l!i(.uro. It Ims been difllcult In many 

 canes to deckle whether references to the Hfie'-ies I'aria canella refer to quadrinotata or 

 fo (jUvipen. Where a description was plven which corresponded with the characters of 

 either of these varieties, the reference has he^n cited. 



* Determined by E. A. Schwarz, Bureau of Kntomology. 



