TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



117,118; development of archegonia in Targionia hypophylla, 118, 

 119 ; fruit of Targionia, 119; spore-mother-cells and elaters of Tar- 

 gionia, 120; development of antheridia in Marchantia polymorpha, 

 120 — 122; spermatozoids of Marchantia, 122 ; antheridia of liebou- 

 illia hemispherica, 122 ; Historical resume : — Bischoff' s work on the 

 Marcbantieae, 122 ; Nees von Esenbeck on Marcbantieae, 122 ; 

 Gottsche, on Marcbantieae, 123 ; observations on fructification of 

 Marchantia, by Micheli, Dillenius, Rupp, and Linnaeus, 123 ; 

 Scbmidel's observations onMarchantie8e,123; Hedwigon the antheridia 

 and fruit, 123; MirbePs work on Marchantia polymorpha, 123 — 126; 

 von Mold on the cells of the stomata of Marchantia, 124 ; Nageli on 

 gemmae of Marchantia, 124; ramification of Marchantia, described by 

 Nees von Esenbeck as dichotomous, 125 ; Bischoff on the impregna- 

 tion of Lunularia, and on the germ-plants of Marcbantieae, 126, 

 127 ; Gottsche and Gronland on the germination of Preissia commu- 

 tata, 127; Grouland on the germination of Lunularia and Marchantia, 

 127 ; Henfrey on the development of spores and elaters in Mar- 

 chantia polymorpha, 127; observations on the spermatozoids of 

 Marchantia, by Unger and Meyer, 127, 128 ; Thuret's figures of 

 spermatozoids of Marcbantieae, 128, 



CHAPTER VI. 



MOSSES 129 



Mode of growth of the stems of mosses, 129 ; cell-multiplication in the 

 stem of Sphagnum, 129—135 ; Nageli' s observations on this subject, 

 130, 131, note ; pitted cells in Sphagnum, 134 ; phyllotaxis in Sphag- 

 num, 135 — 137; observations of Braun and Schimper on this subject, 

 136, note; lateral shoots of Sphagnum, 137 — 139; Schimper's views 

 on the ramification of the branches of Sphagnum, 138, ]39; develop- 

 ment of the stem and branches in Orthotrichum affine, 139 ; develop- 

 ment of the leaves in Sphagnum, 139 — 142 ; Nageli' s observations on 

 cell-development in the leaves of Sphagnum, 140, 141, note ; annular and 

 spiral threads in cells of the leaf of Sphagnum, 142 ; development of 

 the leaves of Phascum, Bryum, Hypnum, and Polytriclmm in agree- 

 ment with that in Sphagnum, 142, 143; formation of the pocket at the 

 base of the leaf, 143, 144 ; development of the leaf of Fissidens, 143 — ■ 

 146 ; chlorophyll bodies in the leaves of Fissidens and Phascum cus- 

 pidatum, 146, 147 ; Nageli' s views on chlorophyll bodies discussed, 

 146; those of Von Mold, Arthur Gris, and Sachs, 146, 147; views 

 of Nageli and Schleiden on the development of the leaves of mosses, 

 147 ; fruit-bearing branches of mosses, 148 ; development of the arche- 

 gonia of mosses, 14S — 152 ; development of the antheridia of mosses, 

 152, 153 ; their bursting, and escape of the spermatozoids, 153 ; burst- 

 ing of the antheridium of Funaria hygrometrica, 153, 154; motion of 

 the spermatozoids of Funaria and Polytrichum/o'rmosum,154i ; develop- 

 ment of antheridia of Sphagnum, 154, 155 ; spermatozoids of Sphagnum, 

 155 ; Schleiden's erroneous views of the structure of the antheridium 

 in Sphagnum, 155 ; impregnation of mosses, 155, 156; development of 

 the fruit of mosses, 156 — 168; fruit of Funaria hygrometrica and 

 Gymnostomum pyriforme, 157, 158; production of the vaginula, 159; 

 production of spore-mother-cells, 160—164 ; production of the spores 

 of mosses, 164, 165 ; fruit of Gymnostomum pyriforme, 165 , spore- 



