Vlll TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER III. 



PAGE 



LEAFY JTJNGERMANNLE . . . .47 



Gradual transition from leafless to leafy Jungermannise, 47; Blasia pusilla, 

 a remarkable transition form, 47; its stem, shoots, and leaves, 47, 48; 

 its reproductive buds, 48 ; cell-multiplication in the terminal bud of 

 Blasia pusilla, 49; its reproductive buds and bud-receptacles, 50, 51; 

 spores of Frullania dilatata, 51; their germination, 51, 52; spores of 

 Jungermannia bicuspidata,^ ; their germination, 52—54; germination 

 of Jungermannia divaricata, Alicularia scalaris, Sarcoscyphus Funkii, 

 and Jungermannia crenulata, 54; germination of Lophocolea hetero- 

 phylla, 54, 55 ; spores of Radula complanata, 55 ; their germination, 

 55, 56; cell-multiplication in the end of the stem of leafy Junger- 

 mannia?, Frullania dilatata, Lophocolea bidentata, Trichocolea tomen- 

 tella, and Jungermannia bicuspidata, 56, 57; in Jungermannia connivens 

 and divaricata, 57; the forms of the leaves of Jungermannise, 57, 58; 

 origin of the leaf of Fossombronia pusilla, 58; appendages of 

 the leaves of Lophocolea, 58, 59 ; growth of the teeth of leaves 

 of Lophocolea heterophylla, 59 ; leaf-development in Jungermannia 

 bicuspidata, connivens and divaricata, 59, 60 ; in Ptilidium ciliare, 

 60; development of the leaf of Frullania dilatata, 61—63; of 

 Radula complanata, 63 ; leaves of Jungermannia curta and crenulata, 

 and Alicularia scalaris, 63 ; general observations on leaf-develop- 

 ment in Jungermannise, 63, 64; mode of ramification of the Junger- 

 manniae, 64, 65 ; half-subterraneous shoots of Haplomitrium Hookeri, 

 regarded by Gottsche as its roots, 64, 65 ; development of antheridia 

 of Liverworts, 65 — 67; cell-division in antheridia of Madotheca 

 platyphylla, Fossombronia pusilla, and Lophocolea heterophylla, 65 ; 

 formation of spermatozoa in Liverworts, 66 ; peculiar formation of 

 antheridium of Madotheca platyphylla, 67 ; sizes of spermatozoa in 

 leafy Jungermannise, 67 ; development of archegonia of leafy Liver- 

 worts, 67 — 72 ; calyx or perianth of Liverworts, 68 — 71 ; in Radula 

 complanata, 68 ; in Jungermannia bicuspidata and divaricata, and 

 Frullania dilatata, 69; in Alicularia scalaris, 69, 70; abnormal 

 perianth of Calypogeia Trichomanes, 70, 71 ; development of the 

 germinal vesicle in Fossombronia pusilla, 71, 72 ; proportion of fruit 

 to archegonia and antheridia, 72, 73 ; development of fruit in Jun- 

 germannise, 73 — S3 ; cell-development in the fruit of Jungermannise, 

 74, 75 ; cell-development in that of J", divaricata, 75, 76 ; elaters of 

 J. divaricata, 75, 76; cell-multiplication and production of elaters in 

 Jtingermannia biscuspidaia and trichophylla, Radula complanata, 

 Lophocolea heterophylla, Alicularia scalaris, and Calypogeia Tricho- 

 manes, 77, 78 ; development of fruit of Frullania dilatata, 78, 79 ; 

 formation of the calyptra in Liverworts, 79, 83 ; individualisa- 

 tion of the elaters and spore-mother cells, 81 — 83; Hedwig's in- 

 vestigations of the germination of spores of Jungermannise, 83 ; 

 Nees von Esenbeck on the same subject, S3 ; Bischoff on the germina- 

 tion of Pellia, 83 ; Gottsche's observations on the spores oiPellia, and 

 on the germination of Blasia pusilla, 83 ; Gottsche on the germination 

 of Jungermannia crenulata, 84 ; Gronland's investigations on the 

 germination of leafy Jungermannise, 84 ; Nageli's observations on 

 cell-multiplication in the stems of Jungermannise, 84, 85 ; Nees von 

 Esenbeck and Gottsche on the ramification of Jungermannise, and 

 Gottsche's statements regarding the development of the leaf in 



