THE HIGHER CRYPTOGAMIA. 381 



tance. In fif. viticulosa and cordifolia also, a rudimentary few- 

 leaved axis may be fonnd on the lower part of the upright 

 shoots of the second order which spring from the creeping 

 stem : it is situated between each fourth upper and under 

 leaf, and is hidden alternately in the right and left edge 

 of the stem. If the upright shoot is broken off, these 

 buds, which otherwise remain dormant, are developed into 

 upright shoots. 



When the end of the stem is about to fork, the apical 

 cell divides by a vertical septum, instead of by a septum 

 inclined in the opposite direction to the septum last 

 formed. In both the newly-formed cells this division is 

 usually repeated once or several times (PL LVI, figs. 7 C , 9, 

 10), whilst the number of cells of the next lower portion of 

 the stem in the direction of the largest transverse measure- 

 ment of the two edged stem is correspondingly increased by 

 repeated longitudinal divisions, In the two outermost cells 

 of the row of cells thus formed which crowns the apex of 

 the end of the stem, a division ensues by a septum 

 strongly diverging from the axis of the shoot. The wedge- 

 shaped one of the two newly formed cells is immediately 

 divided by a septum inclined in the opposite direction. 

 Thus the development of two new shoots, in the manner 

 pointed out in a previous part of this chapter, is brought 

 about (PL LV, fig. 10). This happens normally imme- 

 diately after the commencement of the formation of the 

 last leaf of the forking shoot, even before these leaves are 

 clearly visible above the circumference of the stem. 



Many species, for instance JS. Martensi, Galeottii, and 

 viticulosa, exhibit a feature which is found in the Aneurse. 

 Either the right or the left fork of the stem, alternately, 

 developes itself more vigorously than the other, and soon 

 pushes the latter entirely on one side. These species seem 

 to be furnished with a principal shoot, which sends forth 

 adventitious shoots to the right and to the left. On the 

 other hand, in S. hortensis, helvetica, 8fc, the forks of the 

 terminal bud are developed quite equally in length and 

 thickness. The forking end of the stem here assumes at 

 first the shape of a spatula (PL LIV, figs. 7 a , 10) ; in con- 

 sequence of the rapid development of the forked shoots con- 



