1846.] Rough Notes on the Zoology of Candahar. 149 



any of the Rusa tribe, can possibly agree, for none of them occur across 

 the Indus or in Arachosia. The only wild ruminants that 1 could hear 

 of in the country, were C. agagrus, C. megaceros (nobis), Ovis Vignei 

 (Blyth), Gazella subgutturosa, and in Cutchee and Upper Scindh> west 

 of the Indus, the Cervus porcinus, Gazella Bennettii, and G. Christii. 

 To none of these, with the exception of the first, can the description above 

 quoted apply; and if it be rejected, then there remains no animal in 

 Arachosia to which we can refer that notice. In the * Penny Cyclopae- 

 dia,' art. Ariana, we are informed that " Ariana was the general appel- 

 lation given by ancient authors, subsequent to the age of Alexander the 

 Great, to the eastern portion of those countries which form the high- 

 land of Persia. According to Eratosthenes, Ariana was bounded on the 

 north by the Paroparmisus mountains, and their western continuation 

 as far as the Caspiae Pylae ; on the south by the great sea (the Indian 

 Ocean) ; on the east by the river Indus ; and on the west by the chain of 

 hills which separate Parthyene from Media, and Karmania from Parai- 

 takene and Persis. Its shape is by Strabo compared to that of a paral- 

 lelogram, the dimensions of which, reckoned from the mouths of the 

 Indus to the Paroparmisus, he estimates at 12,000 or 13,000 stadia; 

 and in a straight line from the upper Indus to the Caspiae Pylae, on the 

 authority of Eratosthenes, at 14,000 stadia; the length of the southern 

 sea coast from the mouths of the Indus to the entrance of the Persian 

 Gulf is stated at 12,900 stadia. The countries properly belonging to 

 Ariana are, according to Strabo, in the east, the Paroparmisadae, the 

 Arachoti, and Gedroseni, along the Indus proceeding from north to 

 south ; the Drangae towards the west of the Arachoti and Gedroseni ; 

 the Arii towards the west of the Paroparmisadse, but extending consi- 

 derably to the west and south, so as nearly to encompass the Drangae, 

 the Parthyaei west of the Arii, towards the Caspiae Pylae ; and Karmania 

 to the south of the Parthyaei." 



From this it becomes abundantly evident, that Mr. Ogilby is altoge- 

 ther wrong in placing the modern Punjab within the ancient Arachosia, 

 and consequently that his views with regard to the identity of Hippela- 

 phus and Portax picta or Nylghau, are wholly inadmissible. 



If therefore we reject the Capra agagrus as Aristotle's Hippelaphus, 

 the matter is left in more doubt than ever, for there is now no other 



