1846.] the Malayan Peninsula and Islands. 271 



Sir Stamford Raffles thinks it probable that the Axis in Sumatra has 

 been introduced from Bengal. It is numerous in Keddah, and at 

 present in Pinang. But it did not inhabit Prince of Wales' Island till 

 one of the last Governors of the late Presidency took the trouble of im- 

 porting from Bengal some pairs, which were kept in the park adjoining 

 Government House, (Suffolk House.) When the Presidency of Prince 

 of Wales' Island was abolished, and with it all its paraphernalia, ex- 

 cept the titles of as many of its officers as were necessary to the con- 

 tinuance of H. M. Court of Judicature, the deer of the quondam Gover- 

 nor's park found their way into the jungle, where they have multiplied 

 to a prodigious extent. 



Rusa, Hamilton Smith. 



Rusa equina, Hamilton Smith. 



Syn. — Cervus equinus, Cuvier. 



Cervus Rusa, Raffles. 



Rusa etam or Kumbang, Raffles. 



■• Rusa" or " Rusa etam" of the Malays of the Peninsula. 

 Hab. — Malayan Peninsula, Pinang. 



Sumatra, Borneo. 

 The Malayan individuals correspond with the description given by Sir 

 S. Raffles of Cervus Rusa. The lips are whitish ; the posterior part of 

 the lower, sometimes dark-brown. Round the eyes and the lachrymal 

 sinus, on the side of the forehead, root of the ears, and on the throat, 

 the hairs are either uniformly pale ferruginous, or have a subterminal 

 band of that colour, the effect of which is to impart a pale rusty tint to 

 these parts. Normally, each horn has three antlers, of which the lower 

 or anterior, commencing from the burr, is directed outwards till towards 

 the apex, which turns slightly inward. The second and outward turned 

 antler commences at the root of the third, and is the shortest of the 

 three. The third is directed inwards, and is the longest of the three. 

 In the number, direction, and size of the antlers, numerous individual 

 variations occur. 



According to Mr. Blyth's observations, Cervus Hippelaphus has, 

 normally, the third antler much longer than the second ; Cervus Aristo- 

 telis has much larger and more divergent horns, of which the second 

 and third antlers are about equal. Considering the similarity of colours 



