1846. j Notes, chiefly Geological, 8?c. 381 



shade, at noon 79° 6'. Temperature of sea water on the coast at Koompta, 

 78° 5'. 



The temperature of the soil, eighteen inches deep, was 78° 8', which, 

 according to Boussingault, would be the approximate mean temper- 

 ature of the country. The temperature of most of the streams at the 

 base of the Ghauts I found to be from 78° to 79°. 



The month in which these observations were made was August. 



The enormous quantity of 144 inches of water is supposed to fall in 

 Lower Canara, from the end of May to the middle of October. 



The Devamunni pass. — This pass in the western Ghauts, from Lower 

 to Upper Canara, is about three and a half miles from bottom to top. 

 The formation is much similar to that of the Hossalmucki pass, described 

 in the paper ' On the Falls of Gairsuppa/ The stratification is simi- 

 larly confused and contorted, and the dip irregular. At the base of 

 the Ghaut, the strike is N. 20° E. ; the dip 35° E. 20° S. Near the top 

 of the Ghaut, the strike is N. 5° W., and dip nearly vertical, E. 5° N. 



The vallies, at the bottom of the Ghaut, run W. 15° S. towards the 

 sea, while those on the top have a SSE. direction ; but the transverse 

 vallies by which they are crossed and drained, run in a NE. direction, 

 from the great watershed of the Ghauts to the table lands of the 

 Balaghat, where the course of drainage is again modified by the physical 

 contour of the country, but following generally the easterly slope of the 

 peninsula to the Bay of Bengal, where the rivers disembogue. 



The contour of the Western Ghauts at the top of this pass, as well as to 

 the southward, is not that of an escarpment facing to the westward, and 

 gently sloping off to the table lands of the Balaghat, as supposed by 

 many, (a feature which is in fact confined to the more northerly portion 

 of the ridge where the overlying trap affects their configuration,) but 

 is a series of broken peaks, and ridges running generally in a S. by E. 

 direction, and crossed by high transverse vallies, the descents of which 

 are, however, shortened and most abrupt to the western coast, though 

 rarely precipitous as at Gairsuppa. The height of these passes, on the 

 line where the abrupt descent to the western coast commences, is rarely 

 greater than that of the general level of the adjoining table lands from 

 which they lead; and, in some cases, I am inclined to think, even 

 lower. 



