386 Notes, chiefly Geological, [No. 173. 



ing from the weathering rock, or a bed of kunker. Actynolite, colouring 

 both compact felspar and quartz in drusy crystals in pegmatitic veins 

 of red felspar and quartz in the gneiss, is of common occurrence. 



Kupputral. — Is a polegar stronghold, formerly of great notoriety in 

 this country, which bristled with polegar fastnesses and strongholds. 

 The granite rises here into steep bosses, cliffs, and tors, of no great 

 height however. 



On the summit of a rocky shelf, crowning the rock, and insulated by 

 a broad fissure in the granite cliff, is perched a small watch-tower, 

 whence there is a good prospect of the surrounding country, the 

 features of which to the south and east are savage and rocky. The 

 nearest approach from Bellary is by rocky ascents and descents, and by 

 defiles not practicable for a cart. On the ascent I picked up a fragment 

 of a very beautiful rock which may be termed actynolite porphyry, being 

 composed of a bright green actynolite felspar (compact), imbedding red 

 felspar crystals. 



About a mile east of Kupputral the granite is overlaid by sandstone, 

 which forms the range of Cowilhutty, supporting a flat cultivated table 

 land. I had not an opportunity of examining these rocks at their junc- 

 tion line. A greenstone intersects the granite in the plain. 



Codamoor. — At Codamoor, direction SE., fragments of altered sand- 

 stone abound : the next march the country is a wide plain, watered by 

 the Hendri river, and studded with bare granitic rocks in small piles and 

 clusters. Gniess, basaltic greenstone in dykes, and a porphyritic granite 

 are the prevalent rocks. A little north of the town runs one of these 

 singular abrupt beds of compact reddish quartz rock, which evidently 

 belongs to the hypogene series by position, interstratification, and 

 conformable dip. It forms a short abrupt ridge, apparently about 100 

 feet high, and passes into a coarse jasper, penetrated with numerous 

 veins, strangely contorted, of a whiter quartz, with iron glance in nests. 

 It is also veined with siliceous earth, of a grey or bluish tinge, imbedding 

 crystals of felspar, and is often porphyritic in structure. 



A thin purplish- black enduit, which coated some of the fissures, gave 

 evident traces of iron, and faint traces of manganese on being fused 

 with borax before the blow- pipe. 



On the western flank of this range, which runs nearly north and south, 

 a dyke of basaltic greenstone intersects the plain ; and near it, one of a 



