1844.] Synopsis of Indian Fringillidce. 953 



margins to the feathers ; below light yellowish- brown, each feather 

 with a dark central line; a broad pale supercilium reaching to the 

 occiput, and another pale line from the base of the upper mandible. 

 Himalaya. 



3. E. rodochroa ; Fringilla rodochroa, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 23; 

 male figured in Gould's * Century,' pi. XXXI, fig. 2, but the middle of the 

 crown erroneously represented as of the same pale rosy colour as the 

 eye- streak and a slight frontal band. Beak scarcely more bulged than 

 in Linota cannabina, and chiefly so as viewed from above. Length about 

 five inches and three-quarters, of wing two and three-quarters, and 

 tail two and three- eighths. Female paler and more decidedly streaky 

 than that of the last species, especially paler upon the rump and upper 

 tail-coverts, and with the light supercilium much less distinct and 

 contrasting with the feathers above and below it : in the female of 

 E. rodopepla, these last are dark and contrast strongly with the broad 

 pale supercilium. Himalaya. 



We might next pass to the Linnets ; but there is a long-winged and 

 more terrene form, with narrower and more elongated beak than in the 

 last, which cannot be introduced better than in this place, and which 

 constitutes the division. 



Pyrrhospiza, Hodgson, MS. Bill conical, elongate, with a slightly cur- 

 ved outline above and below, somewhat compressed, and tapering evenly 

 to the tip as viewed from above ; the gonys arched : wings long, reach- 

 ing to more than half the length of the tail, which is also moderately 

 long ; the first four primaries subequal, the second and third being rather 

 the longest. Feet adapted for ground habits, the toes rather long, 

 with large and arched claws, especially that on the hind-toe. 



P. punicea, Hodgson, MS. Length about seven inches and a half, 

 of wing four and a half, and tail three and one-eighth ; bill to fore- 

 head five-eighths of an inch, tarse seven-eighths, middle toe and claw 

 an inch, hind toe three-quarters of an inch ; upper- parts nearly uni- 

 form dusky-brown, the feathers margined paler ; forehead and rump, 

 with the cheeks, ear- coverts, and the under-parts excepting the abdominal 

 region, roseate in winter, brightening to rich crimson in the breeding 

 season, and varying to orange- saffron* ; flanks and abdomen coloured 



* A variation more or less frequent in the species of Loxia, Corythus, Propyrrhula, 

 Erythrospiza, Linota, &c. 



