970 Memoir on Indian Earthquakes. £No. 156. 



are described in Part. I. of this Memoir ; the water of the Sonah 

 spring was deprived of its ordinarily high temperature, and the quan- 

 tity of water discharged fell much below the usual average, and the 

 flow occasionally ceased altogether. 



I have no doubt that were observations to be more minutely made, 

 many cases of this class would be discovered ; they are not unusual in 

 other earthquake tracts, and doubtless frequently occur in India. 



4 Sounds accompanying Shocks. 



a. Subterranean sounds. Although sounds as if in the interior of the 

 earth are occasionally noted as accompanying shocks, they would 

 appear to be rare. An example is found in the first shock of the 

 Great Nepaul earthquake of 1833. During this shock there was a 

 distinctly audible noise as of ordnance passing rapidly over a draw- 

 bridge, of which Dr. Campbell remarks ;" I felt it was travelling with 

 the speed of lightning towards the west, and just under my feet;" a 

 second case occurred at Ram Sing Chok, north-east of the Nepaul 

 valley, where it is said that for four or five days preceding the earth- 

 quake, "noises similar to the firing of cannon were heard as if under 

 ground;" a third example is furnished by the Jellalabad earthquake 

 of February 1842, of which Lieutenant Eyre remarks, "A loud sub- 

 terraneous rumbling was heard as of a boiling sea of liquid lava, and 

 wave after wave seemed to lift the ground on which we stood, causing 

 every building to rock to and fro like a floating vessel." These are 

 the only cases I have found in which sounds appeared to be in the earth. 



b. Sounds in the air. These sounds are of two different kinds ; 

 1st explosions, which vary in intensity from the sound of a cannon to 

 a rumbling noise; the Cashmere earthquake of the 26th of June 1828, 

 furnishes an example of the highest degree of intensity ; "on that night," 

 Mr. Vigne states, " only one shock took place, but just before sunrise 

 there was another accompanied by a terrific and lengthened explosion 

 louder than a cannon ; on that day there were twenty such shocks each 

 with a similar explosion ; " similarly in describing the Nepaul shock of 

 1833, Dr. Campbell remarks, " in a dead calm the noise of a hundred 

 cannon broke forth." The Jellalabad earthquake of 1842, was preceded 

 by a " rumbling noise like a heavy wagon rolling over a wooden 

 bridge." Under dates 25th July, 26th September, and 6th November 



