980 Memoir on Indian Earthquakes. [No. 156. 



phenomena are essentially connected with earthquakes they are yet 

 enough to warrant our drawing attention to the subject and endea- 

 vouring to secure information more minute and specific. 



We have not as yet any evidence from this country to indicate a 

 connection between earthquake shocks and disturbances of the magne- 

 tism of the earth, although both in Europe and in South America, 

 such a connection has been very distinctly exhibited, so much so, as to 

 lead some to propose the magnetic needle as the best indication of 

 earthquaking forces. The magnetic observatory of Singapore situated 

 in the midst of one of the greatest tracks of volcanic force in the world, 

 is peculiarly favourably placed for observations on this point, and as 

 several earthquakes have occurred since its establishment it may be 

 hoped that some interesting information has been collected. 



7. Volcanic Phenomena accompanying shocks. 



A few instances occur in the preceding portions of this memoir in which 

 earthquake shocks are intimately connected with the action of volca- 

 noes. Thus regarding the Scinde earthquake of 1819, it is remarked 

 u the first and greatest shock occurred at a few minutes before 7 p. m. on 

 the 16th June, but shocks of inferior violence continued till the 20th, 

 when the volcano called Denodur, situated 30 miles north west from 

 Bhooj the Capital of Cutch, burst into action and the movements of the 

 earth immediately stopped." Again during the great shock of April 

 1762, it is observed by Mr. Edward Gulston u as we are informed that 

 two volcanoes opened, I am in great hopes these will prove a sufficient 

 vent to discharge all the remaining sulphureous matter in the bowels 

 of these countries and put a stop to any further earthquakes here, at 

 least for many years to come." During the principal shock of the 

 Nepaul earthquake of 1833, vapour and flame were seen to issue from 

 Nayadongone of the largest ofthemud volcanoes of the Arracan coast. 

 Whether these resulted from the mechanical effect of the concussion 

 in opening some new fissure in the volcano or from an actual subter- 

 ranean connection between the disturbing forces of the lateral Hima- 

 layan and Arracan tracts, there is no evidence to determine ; the cases 

 just noted occurred in volcanoes situated very near to, or actually upon 

 the sea shore, a point which in the theory of the subject is worthy of 



