18 44. ] from Mamlipatam to Goa. 1003 



The Limestone has very much the appearance of the freshwater 

 limestone of Nirmul, Moonapilly, and Koolkonda between Gulberga 

 and Muctul, and has evidently been broken up and altered by the 

 basalt. The angularity of the fragments and their little waterworn ap- 

 pearance, prove that this bed must have been deposited, and existed in 

 situ, at no great distance from the present locality. The blocks were 

 not observed in the centre of the valley, from which it may be inferred 

 that the limestone was only a littoral deposit, or that its fragments 

 were carried away by the aqueous current by which the valley was 

 excavated. The laterite cliffs of Ingleswara like those of Beder, Son- 

 dur, and on the western coast, are cavernous : one of the caves near 

 the summit, is held sacred by the Hindoos. The entrance was 

 barred by a locked gate ; it is said by the natives (credat Judseus) 

 to communicate with another similar cavern on the hill of 

 Nageswar, also said to be of laterite, about three coss to the S. W. 

 Near the mouth is one of those remnants of the strange ophitic adora- 

 tion that prevailed over great part of S. India, in the shape of an image, 

 of which the upper portions resemble those of a young female, and the 

 lower terminating in the coils of a serpent.* Ingleswara is famed in 

 Hindoo annals as the place where the nuptials of Buswapa the founder 

 of the great sect of Jungums and Singayets, and the overthrower of 

 the Jain dynasty of Calliany, were celebrated. The small laterite hill 

 of Hori muth his birth place, is at a little distance. 



From Ingleswara to about 1 1 miles S. W. of Bagwari, trap, wacke 

 and amygdaloid form the basis of the plain where its southern limit 

 is again crossed to the hypogene area. A reddish felspathic zone, similar 

 to that already noticed in the Bejapore notes, intervenes between 

 the trap and the gneiss, which is first seen to outcrop in the bed of a 

 nullah between the villages of Hungraghi and Wondal, where a section 

 is afforded showing the thinned- out edges of this great coulee of trap 

 resting on and coating the reddish intervening felspar zone. This zone, 

 or salbande, is probably nothing more than the altered gneiss. 



The mica in the gneiss is replaced by hornblende and at a little dis- 

 tance, the gneiss passes into hornblende schist. Both rocks are highly 

 inclined, dipping westerly ; gneiss, felspathic veined and interspersed 



* We have in the Museum a double image of this kind formed by two female bu9t» 

 with serpent terminations. — Eds. 



