1847.J Malayan Peninsula and Islands. 6lB 



each eye ; neck, limbs and posterior margin of the shell dark olive 

 with paler round spots ; shell olive with black irregular lines, and 4 

 or 5 central ocelli, black in the centre, edged with red, round which a 

 black ring; sternum pale whitish-olive, 



Testudo kumrn, B. Ham, MSS. is the transition state of the 

 former, being about changing the livery. Head yellow olive, with 

 irregular dark lines ; shell light olive, vermiculated with blackish or 

 dark olive. The four ocelli are present, but are altered in colours and 

 shape : the centre, instead of being black, is like the rest of the sur- 

 face, light olive, vermiculated with black ; the red ring is changed to 

 black, and the outer black one to light olive. The shape is changed 

 from round to irregular oval. 



Adult. (Testudo chim, B. Ham. MSS.) Dark olive-green, vermicu- 

 lated, and spotted with light olive brown. Beneath greenish white. 



Habit. — Malayan Peninsula, Pinang (Rivers and Sea-coast.) 

 Rivers and Bay of Bengal. 

 It is of fierce habits, desperately defending itself by biting, emit- 

 ting when excited a low, hoarse, cackling sound. At Pinang the present 

 species appears to be far less numerous than the two following. The 

 largest individual was of the following dimensions : 



Length of the head, feet 4 inch* 



Ditto ditto neck, 4| 



Ditto ditto stiell, 1 1 1 



Ditto ditto tail, 5 



Gymnoptjs cartilaginea, (Boddaert.) 



Syn. — Young. 



Testudo cartilaginea, Boddaert. 



Testudo boddaertii, Schneider. 



Testudo rostrata, Thunberg ? 



Testudo rostrata, apud Schoepff, and Daudin? 



Trionyx stellatus, Geoffroy. 



Trionyx stellatus, apud Merrem. 



Aspidonectes javanicus, Wagler. 



Adult. 



Trionyx javanicus, Geoffroy. 



Trionyx javanicus, apud Scliweigger and Gray* 



Gymnopus javanicus, Dumeril and Bibron. 



Tyrse javanica, Gray : Catal. 



Very Young. — Above olive green ; the head and upper part of the 

 neck with numerous small white spots, becoming larger and more 



4 L 



