698 On Various Genera of the Ruminants. [July, 



feet-pits, Antelopine horns, and absence of Caprine odour. The Thars 

 are not gregarious at all. They rush with fearful precipitancy down 

 the steep mountains they inhabit. Rutting season, February, March. 

 Young (one) born in September, October. Gestate 8 months. Small 

 gut 65 feet. Great 32 feet. Ccecum 15 inches long by 3 wide, and 

 simple. Gall-bladder constant. (See Journal No. 45 for Sept. 1835.) 



Caprid^. 

 Goats and sheep. 

 Bakaradi. 



Occipital plane of scull forming an acute angle with frontal plane. 

 Cores of horns thick, porous and cellular. Horns seated superiorly on 

 the crest of the forehead and by their union covering the top of the 

 head. Canines wanting, Teats normally but two, rarely 4. Mufle 

 abnormal and almost invariably absent. Feet-pits in all four feet or 

 only in the fore-feet, or none. Eye and groin pits present or absent. 



17. Genus Hemitragus, 

 Jharal vel Tehr. 

 A small mufleo 

 No eye-pits. 

 No feet-pits. 

 No inguinal pores. 

 Calcic tufts ? 

 Four teats. 



Strong caprine odour in males. 



Types. 1, Capra Jemlaica. 2, Capra Jharal vel Quadrimammis. 

 3, Capra Waryatu, whose female is Hylocrius. Habitat the loftiest 

 mountains of India : the Sub-Himalayas near the snows and the highest 

 part of the Nilgiris. A very remarkable type tending to connect the 

 keeled, compressed, hollow-horned and odorous Goats with the Deer 

 family which want these marks, but possess the mufle and 4 teats of 

 the Hemitrages, marks which the true Goats (and Sheep) are void of. 



The Jharal' s retreats are among the most inaccessible bare crags of 

 the Hemachal, close to the perpetual snows, beyond the forests. They 

 feed in the open glades below such crags, at early morning and evening, 

 retiring in the day to their awful fastnesses. They are gregarious and 

 the flocks often amount to 40 or 50 animals, but generally do not ex- 

 ceed 20 or 30. If alarmed when feeding they go off at speed with a noise 

 like thunder, but anon halt to gaze on the intruder, whose shot sends 



