700 On Various Genera of the Ruminants. [July, 



Type, Capra cegagrus. Habitat Persia. Foreign to India, and not 

 therefore subject to my examination : but the several tame races of 

 Tibet and the sub-Himalayas (Chandra, Chyapu, Sinai) and also the 

 common Goats of the plains (Dugu and Jamnaparia) are all typical. 

 These animals are further distinguished by horns inserted very ob- 

 liquely, not angular, compressed, and presenting a sharp keeled edge to 

 the front, whereby they may be distinguished at once from all kinds of 

 sheep and also from the Ibexes. They have likewise invariably a true 

 beard common to both sexes, as have also the Ibexes ; but the sheep 

 never : and, lastly the Goats have callosities on the chest and knees or 

 knees only. Eminently bold, saucy and scandent. Gregarious. Rut 

 in winter. Procreate in summer. Gestate under 5 months ? Produce 

 3, 2, or 1 young at a birth. (See paper on tame Goats and Sheep of 

 these regions, Sp. Mag. for June, 1847.) 



19. Genus Ibex. 

 Skin. Kin. 

 Horns in both sexes. 

 No muflle. 



No eye-pits ? 

 Feet-pits none ? 

 No inguinal pores ? 

 Mammae two. 

 Odour in Males ? 

 Calcic tufts ? 



Types. Europea. Caucasica. Jaela. Sakin. Sibirica. 



Habitat the loftiest mountains of Europe, Asia and Africa. Found 

 in the Himalaya close to the snows. These animals, with the general 

 manners, the odour and the beards of Goats, are distinguished invaria- 

 bly by angular horns presenting a distinct surface, instead of a mere 

 edge, to the front, thereby differing from the Goats proper and approxi- 

 mating to the Sheep. The front of the horns is likewise remarkably 

 nodose, and the horns are of great size and sickle-like curve. Their 

 structural peculiarities want testing and will doubtless show deviation 

 from the type of GSgagrus. Rut in autumn. Breed in spring. 

 Gestate 5£ months. Produce 2 or 1 kids. Gregarious, bold, and 

 scandent. 



20. Genus Ovis. 

 Bhera. Sheep. 



