1847.] Glaciers of the Pindur and Kuphinee Rivers, 799 



the junction of this tributary with the main glacier being much broken 

 up by crevasses ; rocks and gravel from the moraines on the two sides 

 of the tributary are scattered over the space between them, and the 

 moraines at first sight appear to lose their distinct form ; but although 

 there is no clear ice between the moraine that originates on the east 

 of the tributary, and the west side of the glacier, the identity of that 

 moraine is sufficiently marked by its color, and by the regular rise 

 above the general surface of the glacier, of its top, which remains 

 tolerably even for some way down, being beyond the limit of the dis- 

 turbance caused by the crevasses along the edge of the glacier ; about 

 half way down to the lower end of the glacier however, the full action 

 of these crevasses reaches the whole of the moraine, and it is scattered 

 or lost sight of in the general confusion of surface. 



An epoch of peculiar destructiveness to the mountains passed by the 

 glacier is marked in one part of this moraine, by an accumulation of 

 huge masses of rock from 20 to 30 feet square, and as much as 15 feet 

 high, and the stones found on it, are generally larger than those on 

 any of the other moraines ; the true west lateral moraine below the 

 tributary glacier is not very large, nor is its top much elevated above 

 the bottom of the valley, excepting quite at its end. This is probably 

 owing to the level of the valley on this side being higher, (vide fig. 3,) 

 rather than to the top of the glacier being lower. The bottom of the 

 valley slopes from the cliffs at its sides, inwards. On the east, the 

 edge of the glacier is at some distance from the cliff and the bottom of 

 the valley has dipped considerably where it meets. The foot of the 

 moraine, the summit of which on that side, is high above the valley. 

 On the west side the glacier edge is close to the cliff ; the bottom of 

 the valley will therefore be higher. I did not notice any difference of 

 level in the two sides of the valley. 



The lateral moraine of the S. E. side of the glacier is very large. 

 Its top rises, on an average, probably 250 feet above the bottom of 

 the valley. Along its foot runs a stream gradually increasing in size, 

 that collects the drainage of the open part of the valley, and of the 

 outer slopes of the moraine. The lower part of this slope is a mass of 

 loose stones and earthy gravel, which rolls down from above, as the 

 face of the ice, which is visible in the upper 50 or 60 feet of the slope, 

 melts and recedes ; this process is seen constantly going on. On the 



