800 Glaciers of the Pindur and Kuphinee Rivers . [Aug. 



inner side, the top of the moraine is 30 or 40 feet ahove the level of 

 the clear ice of the glacier. 



The upper part of this moraine comes down nearly straight from the 

 point B. The north branch glacier being, as was before noticed, 

 considerably higher than the eastern, the moraine slopes down from the 

 level of the former to that of the latter, forming a deep angular depres- 

 sion under the point B, (when it meets the foot of the north moraine 

 of the east glacier ;) that gradually diminishes in depth up to the top of 

 this glacier, which is here entirely covered with debris, the moraines 

 of its two sides being scattered all over it, for some distance above its 

 union with the north or main branch. The appearance produced by 

 this is that the northern branch runs over the eastern, or that the latter 

 runs into the side of the former and is absorbed by it. 



The eastern tributary brings down with it moraines which require 

 no particular remark, beyond that already made, viz. that they spread 

 over the whole of its breadth at its extremity. 



Besides these lateral moraines, is a medial one, which, similar to 

 several described by Professor Forbes, is first seen as a dirty stripe 

 among the white ice cliffs of the fall at the head of the north 

 glacier. As it comes down the level ice it gradually begins to as- 

 sume the decided appearance of a moraine, and increasing by degrees 

 at last becomes very large. It continues in a well defined form for 

 some short distance beyond where the western moraine is dispersed ; 

 but there it also is scattered over the ice, and the two become blended 

 together and ultimately extend to meet the debris which is similarly 

 dispersed by the eastern moraine from the opposite side of the glacier. 



The whole of the moraines in the middle of the length of the 

 glacier, where it is most regular, are very considerably raised above 

 the general surface of the ice, which in some parts is, I should think, 

 as much as 100 feet below the tops of the western and medial 

 moraines. It is not to be supposed that this great elevation is caused 

 to any considerable extent by the mere mass of rocks and rubbish 

 collected in the moraine ; it results from the ice below the mass being 

 protected by it from external melting influences, which constantly 

 depress the level of the clear ice beyond the moraine. On the very tops 

 of the moraines pure ice was often seen hardly covered by the stones. 



The protection given to the ice by the great lateral moraines, raises 



