846 On the History and Literature of the Fade. [Aug, 



" The food proper for the Kishatriya, is the following. Let, him extract 

 out the produce of what is growing downward from the Nyagrodha, 

 (i. e. of the stems which rise from the branches of the Banyan tree,) 

 fixed in the ground, and the fruits of the Udumbara (Ficus racemosa) 

 of the Aswattha (Ficus Indica,) of the Plaksha (Ficus infectoria). All 

 such let him eat ; it is his proper food ; for when the supreme gods 

 after the performance of the sacrifice went to heaven, they upset their 

 sacrificial vessels. Hence arose the Nyagrodha-trees. For this reason 

 those trees are called upset (bent) in Kurukshetra (where the sacrifice 

 took place) these were the primitive stems of the Nyagrodha, from 

 these others were produced, which were called nyagrodha (growing down- 

 wards) because they were bent downward. The nyagrodha is called 

 nyagrodha after the mysterious (etymology) for the gods like mystery.' * 



The last remark is repeated in the following chapter of the Brah- 

 mana, and frequently at other places. What is meant by the mys- 

 terious formation of a word, the parakslia formation, I will illustrate 

 by a passage of the commentary to the Nirukta (ad. I. 1.) Durga 

 says : trividha hi sabda-vyavastha, prathyaksha-vrittaya : paroksha 

 vrittaya : atiparoksha-vrittayascha. tatroktakriya : pratyaksha-vritta- 

 ya : antalina-kriya : paroksha- vrittaya : atiparoksha-vrittishu sabdeshu 

 nirvachanabhyapayas, tasmat paroksha-vrittitam apadya pratyakshavri 

 tina sabdena nirvaktavyas. The example which was the occasion of 

 Durga' s remark, is the word nighantu, nighantavas, where he says, atipa- 

 roksha-vritti, nigantavas is parokshavritti, and nigamayitaras is pratya- 

 ksha-vritti. One sees without difficulty, that the word paroksha in 

 the meaning it has in the Brahmana, necessarily refers to the existence 

 of that grammatical terminology which is explained by Durga. 



8. Devaraja in the commentary to the Naighantuka (pro. 1134, 

 E. I II. pol. I.) mentions the following names of persons to whom 

 commentaries of the Vedas (veda bhashyani) are ascribed : Skanda- 

 swami (who after the same authority wrote a gloss to the Nirukta) 

 Bhavaswami, Guhadeva, Srinivasa, Madhavadeva Uvatta (otherwise 

 Uvata, of whom Colebrooke, Ess. I. 99, compare also p. 54, note, pos- 

 sessed fragments and who made commentaries to two Pratisakhva 

 sutras, of which afterwards) Bhatta Bhaskara Misra, Bharataswami. 



