1847.] Hiuan Thsany' s Itinerary . 1187 



15. Ho li si mi kia ou Ho tsin. De So fjjL*^ 

 mo Man. 



Holisimi kia, is almost letter for letter Kharism, the well known 

 country to the North of the Oxus ; of which Kheva is now the capital. 

 The word is but a transcript of the ancient Greek term. - 



A 300 li sud-ouest, 



16. Ko chouang na ou Sse a 300 li sud-est j+*»j-^ J^t &#\&£ 

 la Porte de fer. *& ±'yj± 



Kochouangna or Sse, is probably the modern city of Keesh or 

 Shuhr e Subz. "We have a large district of Kushaneyuh — associated 

 with Sogd by Ferdoosee. 



"While in Edrisi, Vol. ii. p. 203, we find Kushaneyuh on the north 

 of the river of Sogd — 27 miles from Ustejan, to the west of Sumur- 

 kund — this is probably the Kushaneyuh of Ferdoosee — and might be 

 the original of the Kochouangna of the Chinese author. But the 

 indication of 300 li. S. E. to Durbund or Kuhluga — (100 miles) is 

 rather conclusive that the place pointed at is Kesh — or Shuhr e Subz. 



De la a 



17. Tau ho lo : a 1' orient, les monts Tsoung L>^ 

 Ling; a l'occident, Pho la sse (la Perse:) au u^' 

 midi, les grandes montagnes de Neige ; au nord, 



la porte de fer. Ce pays est au nord du fleuve *> »>-V j<i 



Fa tsou (l'Oxus). t^l-S^kj 



Touiiolo — Tokhara-— the same interchange of h for kh. According 

 to Ptolemy once a considerable nation, tOXAPOi, (Thocarorum magna- 

 gens ; " Cluverius") Constantly mentioned in the Moslem histories. 

 The country extended on both sides of the Oxus, from the confines 

 of Bokhara to Kabul : from Budukhshan to the limits of Persia. But 

 the nation who held this district appears to have possessed dominant 

 power over more extended limits at different periods. 



"We may remark here the introduction of the mode of description 

 usual to Moslem authors. They first give a general outline of the 

 country, with its bounding districts, and a list of its chief towns, then 

 they enter upon particulars of each. Thus having a general outline 

 of Touholo, our Chinese author proceeds to particulars. 



En le descendant ou vient a 



