1845] the owners, and occupants of the soil in Bengal, $c. 541 



appropriated by the tenant, the other by the landlord ; it is occasionally, 

 however, levied in other proportions, such as one-fifth and four-fifths, 

 two-fifths and three-fifths, one-third and two-thirds, or such other 

 proportions as may be determined on. 



Nerick-i-kutnee. This is rather a legal term than an absolute rate. 

 Where disagreement exists as to the terms of divisions, or when 

 the landlord neglects to assess the standing crop, the cultivator cuts 

 it at his own risk, and if he fail to satisfy the landholder, the latter 

 brings an action at the Nerick-i-kutnee, stating that the crop having 

 been cut he had no means of assessing it, and therefore sued the cul- 

 tivation at the full value of an average crop; this value is generally 

 laid at twenty maunds per beegah of the standard of Akbur. It 

 becomes necessary to determine through whose neglect no assessment 

 was made, what the terms of cultivation were, what the actual pro- 

 duce was, what the Bazaar rates were at the time of cutting, and 

 what the expenses were ; the titles advanced by the cultivators may 

 be just the same as in the case of money rents, evidence of the same 

 nature may be resorted to. 



Nerick-i-kunkoot. This again is a legal term. The landlord in order 

 to save the expense of watching the crop from the time of its cutting 

 to its being thrashed, assesses it when standing, obtains from the cul- 

 tivator an acknowledgment of the assessment mutually agreed on, and 

 by this the accounts are subsequently adjusted. Where disputes sub- 

 sequently arise regarding this, an action is brought, Kunkoot ke nerick 

 se, or Kunkoot ke hisdb se, to determine what the assessment was, or 

 ought to have been ; if no written acknowledgment was entered into, 

 or if it is disputed, oral evidence regarding the particular crop or 

 those round it is generally all that is procurable. 



Nerick-i-khaneh shumarree. Where cultivation extends over hills 

 or places not easily accessible for purposes of assessment, revenue is 

 assessed on the families or the males of each family ; this mode of 

 taxation is rapidly disappearing. It may be observed here, that 

 tenures which lapse by dereliction or through default of heirs, revert to 

 the zemindar; if a cultivator dies heirless, the zemindar may dispose 

 of his tenure to the best advantage to himself, but if a new cultivator 

 obtain possession without any stipulations as to rent, and retain it for 

 two years, he cannot be ousted, but his title is not to hold the land at 



