760 Notes, chiefly Geological, [No. 166. 



A bed of red clay, coarse sand, or the gravelly detritus of the sub- 

 jacent rock, often form a subsoil of considerable thickness. Water is 

 found at depths of from twelve to fourteen feet, and of excellent quality ; 

 efflorescences either of common salt, or carbonate of soda on the surface 

 soils are rare. 



The town appears populous and thriving, and contains about 500 

 houses, inhabited principally by cloth merchants, and cultivators 

 (Kongyes). Near it lie the ruins of an old Jain temple. Two of its 

 mutilated images stand at the Traveller's bungalow gateway, with their 

 faces turned towards the pillars. 



Large equestrian statues of Ayanar, constructed of brick and chu- 

 nam, are scattered about this and other portions of the ancient Hindoo 

 kingdom of Dravida, in the country of the Tamuls. I do not recollect 

 seeing these statues in my travels through the ancient regions of 

 Andhra, Karnata, or Maharashtra, whose boundaries are even to 

 the present day marked by their vernacular languages, viz. Telinghi, 

 Canarese and Mahratta. 



These statues are not frequently colossal, and generally stand in. the 

 open air near pagodas or in sacred groves. 



Wnlundoorpet. — This village lies about twenty-nine and a half 

 miles SW. from Belpoor. The aspect of the surrounding country is 

 almost unbroken by elevations, covered with a sandy soil, and angular 

 quartzy gravel, through which the subjacent rock, viz. hornblende 

 schist, and gneiss, occasionally jut out in almost vertical lamina?, 

 with a general direction towards the SW., and the dip towards the 

 SE. The gneiss is often curiously contorted, and passes by weather- 

 ing into a loose micaceous grit, which being washed away, leaves 

 gaps in the continuation of its bed. The gneiss alternates with the 

 hornblende schists, which often appears in thin layers conforming to 

 the general direction and dip of the strata. 



These rocks are penetrated by veins of a prophyritic granite, con- 

 sisting principally, like that at Permacoil, of reddish felspar, with 

 adularia, and but little mica. The last mineral and hornblende in 

 foliated crystals are seen aggregated in nests in the gneiss with py- 

 rites; and chlorite appears as a dull green earth in cavities ; sometimes 

 these minerals are entirely wanting. The conditions under which they 

 as well as other minerals are subject to this state of segregation, and 



