14 ANCIENT WORKS IN OHIO. VII. 



are left within a few feet of the wall, while smaller stones from a distance are used. 

 The rough stones of the wall were found convenient, having fallen from the rocky 

 cliffs, on which the work is built. 



The interior space of the enclosure is higher than the exterior, and the whole 

 thickly covered with timber. 



A little west of the centre is a mound of loose stone, m, fifteen feet high. The 

 principal entrance is at the north-west angle, c, where the ascent along a rid^e is 

 less than elsewhere, but is still laborious. The work is at least one-fourth of a mile 

 from water, the hill is from three to four hundred feet above the adjacent valleys, 

 and detached from other hills. 



The position indicates it to be a fortress, which was not completed or occupied. 

 With a heavy wall, a resolute garrison, well supplied with water and provisions, 

 could here make a protracted defence. I do not think pallisades could have been 

 inserted in the wall, for it was not strong enough to sustain them; and, in general, 

 they could not have been sunk beneath the surface, for it is solid rock. 



If "abattis," or other wooden obstructions were relied upon, the wall would have 

 been of little service ; but its outline being traced, a few thousand men, in an 

 emergency, could, from the loose rocks of the cliffs, have made a formidable wall, 

 in one night. To this enlarged work they might have added wooden defences of 

 some kind. This sketch was made by examining the perimeter in detail, and 

 noting its parts by the eye, and short measurements; its dimensions are, therefore, 

 not strictly exact. 



PLATE V. No. 4. 



FORTIFIED SUJLMIT, THREE MILES SOUTH OF NEWARK, LICKING COUNTY, OHIO. 



On the plan of the Newark valley, given by Squier and Davis, S. C. Yol. I., Plate 

 36, No. IV., this work might be laid down on the hills overlooking the South Fork, 

 at an elevation of about two hundred and fifty feet. The stream washes the base 

 of the hill on which the enclosure stands ; and runs between the hills and the 

 Ohio Canal. It is, no doubt, part of the great system of works constructed about 

 Newark and Granville. On the west the wall is light, and the ditch shallow, and 

 on the north neither is traceable ; probably never made. The manner in which an 

 interior ditch became serviceable to defence, will appear by examining the vertical 

 section, a, b, showing the two walls as they rise one above the other, on the steep 

 hill-side. The ascent is very difficult from the creek on the north, all the way to 

 the work ; so that the open space in the wall on that side could be easily defended. 

 Why there should be so many unprotected openings in the embankment is more 

 than I can account for. 



